# Regional Scenario List

Scenario_Description:
Installation of a linear or lateral move sprinkler system with sprinklers on drops with or without drag hoses to improve irrigation efficiency and reduce soil erosion. Irrigation water quality is such that normal galvanized steel will deteriorate before meeting the life expectancy of this practice. Resource concerns include: Soil Erosion (Concentrated flow erosion e.g. irrigation induced), Insufficient Water (Inefficient use of irrigation water), Water Quality Degradation (Excess nutrients in surface and ground waters, Excessive salts in surface and ground waters, Excess pathogens and chemicals from manure, bio-solids or compost applications), Inefficient Energy Use (Equipment and facilities e.g. pumping) Associated Practices: Irrigation Pipeline (430), Pumping Plant (533), Irrigation Water Management (449) Payment rate is figured per foot of installed hardware length.


Scenario_Description:
A 1,280 foot wheel line (also called side roll, wheel move, or lateral-roll) with 7 foot diameter wheels and five inch diameter supply pipeline. A typical system irrigates 20 acres. A wheel line consists of the mover, lateral pipe, wheels, sprinklers, couplers, and connectors to the mainline supply. Resource concerns include: Soil Erosion (Concentrated flow erosion e.g. irrigation induced), Insufficient Water (Inefficient use of irrigation water), Water Quality Degradation (Excess nutrients in surface and ground waters, Excessive salts in surface and ground waters, Excess pathogens and chemicals from manure, bio-solids or compost applications), Inefficient Energy Use (Equipment and facilities e.g. pumping) Associated Practices: Irrigation Pipeline (430), Pumping Plant (533), Irrigation Water Management (449)

Before:
Cropland that is flood irrigated and has poor irrigation efficiency and distribution uniformity. The slope and irregular shape of the field limit the potential for improved management to improve the irrigation efficiency or the distribution uniformity. Irrigation water moves both within the field and off it, resulting in wet areas, runoff and deep percolation. Parts of the field are over-irrigated, and other sections are under-irrigated. Runoff from the field flows into streams, water courses, and other water bodies. Excess applied irrigation water infiltrates into ground water causing degradation to the receiving waters.

After:
A 1,280 foot wheel line with 7 foot diameter wheels and five inch diameter supply pipeline. Sprinklers are spaced along the wheel line at 40-foot intervals and risers are spaced at 60-foot increments along the mainline. The wheel line irrigates 20 acres of cropland. The wheel line improves distribution uniformity. Irrigation application efficiency improves to 75%. Water application rates meet the consumptive use of the crop and matches soil intake rates in order to prevent irrigation induced erosion, runoff, and deep percolation.


Scenario_Description:
A solid set irrigation system. Resource concerns include: Soil Erosion (Concentrated flow erosion e.g. irrigation induced), Insufficient Water (Inefficient use of irrigation water), Water Quality Degradation (Excess nutrients in surface and ground waters, Excessive salts in surface and ground waters, Excess pathogens and chemicals from manure, bio-solids or compost applications) Associated Practices: Irrigation Pipeline (430), Pumping Plant (533), Irrigation Water Management (449)

Before:
The typical installation will be on cropland with some existing inefficient irrigation. The farm is typically producing specialty crops, such as fresh vegetables.

After:
The system is installed on 10 acres or less. The installed solid set system has 3-4 inch pipe sizes and sprinklers set 30 - 50 ft apart. Improved distribution uniformity and irrigation efficiency will result.


Scenario_Description:
A portable small gun system used to apply irrigation water on small fields. A small traveling gun irrigation system is installed to apply water uniformly and at an acceptable application rate operated under pressure to effectively irrigate less than 3 acres. The irrigation system is installed with all necessary appurtenances. Resource concerns: Soil Erosion (Concentrated flow erosion, e.g. overflowing waste storage) and Water Quality Degradation (Excess nutrients in surface and ground waters, Excessive salts in surface and ground waters, Excess pathogens and chemicals from liquid manure) Associated Practices: Irrigation Pipeline (430), Pumping Plant (533), Irrigation Water Management (449), Conservation Crop Rotation (328), Cover Crop (340), Nutrient Management (590), Waste Utilization (633), Manure Transfer (634)

Before:
An existing traveling gun on a 5 acre field is inefficient and is not applying water uniformly or not at an acceptable application rate. Excess applied water causes irrigation induced erosion, runoff and deep percolation. The runoff and deep percolation degrade the receiving waters.

After:
A small traveling gun irrigation system is installed to irrigate 5 acres based on the determined spacing needs. Irrigation is applied efficiently and uniformly to maintain adequate soil water for plant growth without causing excessive water loss, erosion, or water quality degradation The irrigation system is installed with all necessary appurtenances.


Scenario_Description:
A portable big gun system used to apply waste water from animal feeding operations. This traveling big gun unit includes a sprinkler, towable cart, 1000’ or more of PE hard hose, a self propelled reel that moves the sprinkler toward the reel during operation. The reel attaches to a mainline with appropriately designed towpath width. The scenario describes an irrigation system that is typical to confined animal feeding operations. Resource concerns: Soil Erosion (Concentrated flow erosion, e.g. overflowing waste storage) and Water Quality Degradation (Excess nutrients in surface and ground waters, Excessive salts in surface and ground waters, Excess pathogens and chemicals from liquid manure) Associated Practices: Irrigation Pipeline (430), Pumping Plant (533), Irrigation Water Management (449), Conservation Crop Rotation (328), Cover Crop (340), Nutrient Management (590), Waste Utilization (633), Manure Transfer (634)

Before:
A confined, animal operation has a waste management system that exceeds its capacity, or a operation that does not have a waste management system in place. The inefficiency of the existing system or the lack of a waste management system has an impact on the soil and water quality. Animal waste runs off and degrades the receiving waters.

After:
The big gun applies animal manure in an appropriate quantity and location that eliminates both runoff of the manure and deep percolation of excess nutrients, salts, and pathogens. The big gun system is typically located on 50 acres or less of hay/pasture land, or 100 acres or less of cropland. The system includes a large irrigation gun with 1” to 1½” orifice mounted onto a movable cart. 1000’ or more flexible 3” PE pipe is attached to the cart on one end and a large reel on the other end. The reel serves as storage are for the pipe as the cart moves back to the reel. The reel is turned by a small engine which gradually pulls the flexible pipe and cart back to the reel/base.


Scenario_Description:
A portable big gun system used to apply waste water from animal feeding operations. This traveling big gun unit includes a sprinkler, towable cart, 1200’ or more of PE hard hose, a self propelled reel that moves the sprinkler toward the reel during operation. The reel attaches to a mainline with appropriately designed towpath width. The scenario describes an irrigation system that is typical to confined animal feeding operations. Resource concerns: Soil Erosion (Concentrated flow erosion, e.g. overflowing waste storage) and Water Quality Degradation (Excess nutrients in surface and ground waters, Excessive salts in surface and ground waters, Excess pathogens and chemicals from liquid manure) Associated Practices: Irrigation Pipeline (430), Pumping Plant (533), Irrigation Water Management (449), Conservation Crop Rotation (328), Cover Crop (340), Nutrient Management (590), Waste Utilization (633), Manure Transfer (634)

After:
The big gun applies animal manure in an appropriate quantity and location that eliminates both runoff of the manure and deep percolation of excess nutrients, salts, and pathogens. The big gun system is typically located on 50 acres or less of hay/pasture land, or 100 acres or less of cropland. The system includes a large irrigation gun with 1” to 1½” orifice mounted onto a movable cart. 1200’ or more flexible 4” PE pipe is attached to the cart on one end and a large reel on the other end. The reel serves as storage are for the pipe as the cart moves back to the reel. The reel is turned by a small engine which gradually pulls the flexible pipe and cart back to the reel/base.


Scenario_Description:
A portable irrigation system consisting of Polyethylene (PE) pipe and pods that have attached sprinklers. This scenario addresses installation of all pod style irrigation sprinkler systems. Resource concerns include: Soil Erosion (Concentrated flow erosion e.g. irrigation induced), Insufficient Water (Inefficient use of irrigation water), Water Quality Degradation (Excess nutrients in surface and ground waters, Excessive salts in surface and ground waters, Excess pathogens and chemicals from manure, bio-solids or compost applications) Associated Practices: Irrigation Pipeline (430), Pumping Plant (533), Irrigation Water Management (449)

Before:
Pastureland is flood irrigated and has poor irrigation efficiency and distribution uniformity. The slope and irregular shape of the field limit the potential for improved management to improve the irrigation efficiency or the distribution uniformity. Irrigation water moves both within the field and off it, resulting in wet areas, runoff and deep percolation. Runoff from the field flows into streams, water courses, and other water bodies. Excess applied irrigation water infiltrates into ground water causing degradation to the receiving waters.

After:
A 10 acre irrigated pasture with a medium pressure irrigation system consisting of sprinkler pods along a PE line is installed. The pods and PE line are placed in different sections of the pasture by dragging both with a four wheeler. The PE line is 660 feet in length and has 14 pods evenly spaced along its length. The improved distribution uniformity and irrigation efficiency reduces the inefficient use of water on irrigated land, reducing irrigation water applied and energy use. Water application rates meet the pasture vegetation consumptive use requirements. Runoff and deep percolation as a result of irrigation are eliminated, and the receiving waters are no longer degraded.


Scenario_Description:
Center Pivot and Linear Move sprinkler systems are used in large crop fields with fairly regular field borders and flat topography. The scenario involves changing nozzles on center pivot or lateral move irrigation systems to low-pressure systems to improve efficiency of water use and reduce energy use. This scenario is intended for cropland areas where the objective is water conservation. A typical scenario assumes a 1300 LF span, including end booms renozzled with low-pressure nozzles. Resource concerns include: Soil Erosion (Concentrated flow erosion e.g. irrigation induced), Insufficient Water (Inefficient use of irrigation water), Water Quality Degradation (Excess nutrients in surface and ground waters, Excessive salts in surface and ground waters, Excess pathogens and chemicals from manure, bio-solids or compost applications), Inefficient Energy Use (Equipment and facilities e.g. pumping) Associated Practices: Irrigation Pipeline (430), Pumping Plant (533), Irrigation Water Management (449)

Before:
A center pivot or lateral move system has high pressure sprinklers. The nozzles are worn and water is applied non-uniformly. Water runs off the field and degrades the receiving waters. Deep percolation in some parts of the field degrades the ground water quality. The runoff from the field causes soil erosion. The high pressure requirement for the system requires excess energy use.

After:
A Center Pivot or Linear Move sprinkler system with a span of 1300 linear feet is re-nozzled with low-pressure nozzles. The irrigation water is applied efficiently and uniformly to maintain adequate soil moisture for optimum plant growth. Runoff and deep percolation are eliminated, and the surface and ground water is no longer degraded. The irrigation induced soil erosion caused by runoff is also eliminated. The lower pressure requirements of the sprinklers reduces the energy used by the pump.


Scenario_Description:
This Scenario addresses installation of all handline style irrigation sprinkler systems. A typical quarter mile handline has 1280 lineal feet of 3-4 inch aluminum pipe. Typical field size is 20 acres. Payment rates are based on installed costs. Costs do not include irrigation mainline or risers, pumping plant, or other associated practices. Associated Practices: Irrigation Pipeline (430), Pumping Plant (533), Irrigation Water Management (449)

Before:
The typical installation will be on cropland with some existing inefficient irrigation. The farm is typically producing pasture, alfalfa or specialty crops, such as fresh vegetables.

After:
A handline will be installed to increase irrigation water use efficiency. Water application rates will meet the crops use needs as well as soil intake rates in order to prevent irrigation induced erosion, runoff, and deep percolation. Installation includes the handline. The typical scenario is a 1280 foot long, periodic move handline which covers 20 acre field. Nozzles are spaced along the handline at 40 foot increments and risers are spaced 60 foot increments along the main line. Payment rates are figured per foot of installed hardware length. Improved distribution uniformity and irrigation efficiency will result.


After:
The existing surface irrigation system is converted to a low pressure center pivot. Corners are converted to non-irrigated cropland. The pivot is 1300 feet in length with pressure regulators and low pressure sprinklers on drops. The new irrigation system has a coefficient of uniformity above 85%. Irrigation water is efficiently and uniformly applied to maintain adequate soil water for the desired level of plant growth. Deep percolation and field runoff is eliminated and there are no excess nutrients, salts or pathogens delivered to the receiving waters. Irrigation induced runoff is eliminated. This center pivot scenario includes all hardware from the pivot point, including the concrete pad the pivot is placed on.


Scenario_Description:
"Installation of a low pressure center pivot system. Resource concerns include: Soil Erosion (Concentrated flow erosion e.g. irrigation induced), Insufficient Water (Inefficient use of irrigation water), Water Quality Degradation (Excess nutrients in surface and ground waters, Excessive salts in surface and ground waters, Excess pathogens and chemicals from manure, bio-solids or compost applications). Associated Practices: Irrigation Pipeline (430), Pumping Plant (533), Irrigation Water Management (449)"

Before:
A 30 acre field is flood irrigated. Application of irrigation water is inefficient and non-uniform. Irrigation water is typically over applied in some parts of the field, and under applied in others. Deep percolation from the excess irrigation delivers excess nutrients salts, and chemicals to the ground water. Runoff from the field contains excess nutrients and degrades the receiving waters. Irrigated induced erosion is excessive.

After:
"The existing surface irrigation system is converted to a low pressure center pivot. Corners are converted to non-irrigated cropland. The pivot is 644 feet in length with pressure regulators and low pressure sprinklers on drops. 30 acres are irrigated by the sprinkler system. The new irrigation system has a coefficient of uniformity above 85%. Irrigation water is efficiently and uniformly applied to maintain adequate soil water for the desired level of plant growth. Deep percolation and field runoff is eliminated and there are no excess nutrients, salts or pathogens delivered to the receiving waters. Irrigation induced runoff is eliminated. This center pivot scenario includes all hardware from the pivot point, including the concrete pad the pivot is placed on."


Before:
A 80 acre field is flood irrigated. Application of irrigation water is inefficient and non-uniform. Irrigation water is typically over applied in some parts of the field, and under applied in others. Deep percolation from the excess irrigation delivers excess nutrients salts, and chemicals to the ground water. Runoff from the field contains excess nutrients and degrades the receiving waters. Irrigated induced erosion is excessive.

After:
"The existing surface irrigation system is converted to a low pressure center pivot. Corners are converted to non-irrigated cropland. The pivot is 1053 feet in length with pressure regulators and low pressure sprinklers on drops. 80 acres are irrigated by the sprinkler system. The new irrigation system has a coefficient of uniformity above 85%. Irrigation water is efficiently and uniformly applied to maintain adequate soil water for the desired level of plant growth. Deep percolation and field runoff is eliminated and there are no excess nutrients, salts or pathogens delivered to the receiving waters. Irrigation induced runoff is eliminated. This center pivot scenario includes all hardware from the pivot point, including the concrete pad the pivot is placed on."


Scenario_Name:
Center Pivot System, 101 or Larger Acres

Before:
A 120 acre field is flood irrigated. Application of irrigation water is inefficient and non-uniform. Irrigation water is typically over applied in some parts of the field, and under applied in others. Deep percolation from the excess irrigation delivers excess nutrients salts, and chemicals to the ground water. Runoff from the field contains excess nutrients and degrades the receiving waters. Irrigated induced erosion is excessive.

After:
"The existing surface irrigation system is converted to a low pressure center pivot. Corners are converted to non-irrigated cropland. The pivot is 1300 feet in length with pressure regulators and low pressure sprinklers on drops. 120 acres are irrigated by the sprinkler system. The new irrigation system has a coefficient of uniformity above 85%. Irrigation water is efficiently and uniformly applied to maintain adequate soil water for the desired level of plant growth. Deep percolation and field runoff is eliminated and there are no excess nutrients, salts or pathogens delivered to the receiving waters. Irrigation induced runoff is eliminated. This center pivot scenario includes all hardware from the pivot point, including the concrete pad the pivot is placed on."


Practice:
443 - Irrigation System, Surface and Subsurface

Scenario_Description:
This scenario would typically include installation and utilization of a 10-inch surge valve with automated controller (including all appurtenances) and installation labor needed to convert from a conventional surface irrigated system to a surge irrigation system. Typical field size is 80 acres. The surge valve will be used with PVC Gated Pipe or PE Gated Tubing to convey and distribute irrigation water to alternating irrigation sets in a timed surge cycle that results in reduced a surging irrigation application. The surging action increases rate of advance along set length, reduces deep percolation at upper end of field, increases uniformity of application along row length, and on lower intake soils can significantly reduce runoff losses. The result is improved irrigation efficiency, reduced leaching and erosion losses, and conserved energy. This scenario does not include gated pipe or associated practices. Resource Concerns: Insufficient Water - Inefficient use of irrigation water, and Degraded Plant Condition - Undesirable plant productivity and health, Water Quality Degradation- Excess nutrients in surface and ground waters, Water Quality Degradation - Excessive sediment in surface waters, and Inefficient Energy Use - Equipment and facilities Associated Practices: 464-Irrigation Land leveling, 533-Pumping Plant, 449- Irrigation Water Management, 430 - Irrigation Pipeline, 328-Conservation Crop Rotation, and 590 Nutrient Management.

Before:
Unacceptable irrigation application uniformity along existing surface irrigation system furrow or border length caused by excessive run length or soil infiltration rate when operated with continuous inflow on existing system. System is over irrigated in attempt to adequately irrigate low end of field.

After:
A surge surface irrigation system is in place. After implementation, distribution uniformity and irrigation efficiency is improved, by reducing irrigation application volume and deep percolation losses. Runoff reductions, reduced energy use, and air quality improvements can also result.


Scenario_Description:
Installation of surface Aluminum gated pipe to efficiently convey and distribute irrigation water in irrigation furrows, borders, or contour levees. A typical scenario would include 1,320 feet of 10-inch Aluminum gated pipe, with 40 inch gate spacing used to irrigate 60 acres. Appurtenances include: gates, couplings, fittings, in-line valves, pressure relief valves, and air vent valves. Does not include flow meters, or a permanent inlet structure with or without filtration. Resource Concerns: Insufficient Water - Inefficient use of irrigation water, and Degraded Plant Condition - Undesirable Plant productivity and health. Associated Practices: 464-Irrigation Land leveling, 533-Pumping Plant, 449- Irrigation Water Management, 430 - Irrigation Pipeline, 328-Conservation Crop Rotation, and 590 Nutrient Management.,

Before:
Typical before situation would include conveyance of water to surface irrigation distribution points with earthen ditches and distribution to individual furrows, borders, or contour levies by siphon tubes. The existing system would experience significant seepage ditch losses, and poor distribution uniformity.

After:
The installation will improve distribution uniformity, irrigation efficiency, and eliminate or reduce ditch seepage.


Scenario_Description:
Installation of surface PVC gated pipe to efficiently convey and distribute irrigation water in irrigation furrows, borders, or contour levees. A typical scenario would include 1,320 feet of 10-inch PVC gated pipe, with 40 inch gate spacing used to irrigate 60 acres. Appurtenances include: gates, couplings, fittings, in-line valves, pressure relief valves, and air vent valves. Does not include flow meters, or a permanent inlet structure with or without filtration. Resource Concerns: Insufficient Water - Inefficient use of irrigation water, and Degraded Plant Condition - Undesirable Plant productivity and health. Associated Practices: 464-Irrigation Land leveling, 533-Pumping Plant, 449- Irrigation Water Management, 430 - Irrigation Pipeline, 328-Conservation Crop Rotation, and 590 Nutrient Management.,


Scenario_Description:
This practice includes installation of thin wall Polyethylene (PE) irrigation tubing with 2½-inch gates, or gated pipe installed in shallow above ground trenches to replace above ground canals used to deliver water to individual basins within a contour levee or basin surface irrigation system. The typical scenario will use 1,320 feet of 15-inch, 10 mil, PE irrigation tubing (a 1,320-foot roll weighs 250 pounds) with 100 2½-inch gates spaced approximately 13 feet apart, installed in shallow above ground trenches to replace above ground canals used to deliver water to individual basins within a 40-acre irrigated field. Resource Concerns: Insufficient Water - Inefficient use of irrigation water, and Degraded Plant Condition - Undesirable plant productivity and health, Water Quality Degradation- Excess nutrients in surface and ground waters, Water Quality Degradation - Excessive sediment in surface waters, and Inefficient Energy Use - Equipment and facilities Associated Practices: 464-Irrigation Land leveling, 533-Pumping Plant, 449- Irrigation Water Management, 430 - Irrigation Pipeline, 328-Conservation Crop Rotation, and 590-Nutrient Management.

Before:
Typical before situation would include a contour levee or basin surface irrigation system. Irrigation water is delivered to individual basins in a 40-acre rice field split into paddies using irrigation canals and field ditches.

After:
After implementation irrigation efficiency is improved, while reducing irrigation application volume, runoff, evaporation losses, and cold water damage to crops. Reduced energy use and air quality improvements can also result.


Scenario_Name:
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) - Connection, Riser and Stand Pipe

Scenario_Description:
Installation of a PVC stand pipe to efficiently convey and distribute irrigation water in furrow, border, or contour levee irrigation system. A typical scenario would include a 60 acre surface irrigation system, serving a 1,320 feet long field, with 20 ft. spacing between installed risers. A typical Installation under this scenario will include installation of a water distribution riser and stand pipe constructed with appurtenances that include: a rubber and PVC Insert a Tee with fastener, a section of 6” dia pvc pipe approximately 42” long, and a pvc to pvc connection. This practice shall be installed in conjunction with PS 430, Pipe. There is not a valve installed on the risers under this scenario. The top of the stand pipe shall be above the Hydraulic Grade Line of the pipeline. Resource Concerns: Insufficient Water - Inefficient use of irrigation water, and Degraded Plant Condition - Undesirable Plant productivity and health. Associated Practices: 430- Irrigation Pipeline, 464-Irrigation Land leveling, 449- Irrigation Water Management, 430 - Irrigation Pipeline, 328-Conservation Crop Rotation, and 590 Nutrient Management

After:
The installation will improve surface irrigation system distribution uniformity, and efficiency, and eliminate or reduce ditch seepage. The system includes the installation of the Connection, Riser and Stand Pipe to provide water distribution and flow control along the irrigation system.


Scenario_Description:
A low Intensity irrigation water management system for producers using a checkbook method (crop grown, soil moisture conditions prior to irrigation, dates of irrigation start and stop, depths of irrigation applied, duration of irrigations, and amount of rainfall). For a typical scenario, soil moisture is determined by the feel method, volumes of irrigation water are based on energy or water district bills, records are kept on paper copies, and calculations are made by hand. Resource Concerns: Insufficient Water Supply-Inefficient use of irrigation water; Degraded Plant Condition-Undesirable plant productivity and health, and Inefficient Energy Use-Equipment and facilities. Associated Practices: 441-Irrigation System Microirrigation, 442-Irrigation System Sprinkler, 443-Irrigation System Surface and Subsurface, 433-Irrigation Water Measurement, 434-Soil Moisture Measurement, 433- Irrigation Flow Measurement.

Before:
The irrigator decides when to irrigate based on general crop or soil appearance or limited soil moisture monitoring. System run times are based on past apparent success. The typical irrigated field is a 30 acre corn field with a surface irrigation system.

After:
Irrigations are scheduled based on measured crop water requirements. Records are used to evaluate results of past irrigation events and influence future irrigations. The irrigator keeps records of soil moisture, crop water use, rainfall amounts and irrigation timing and amounts. At the end of the irrigation season all the data has been reviewed and evaluated. Improvements planned for the next season have been determined.


Before:
The irrigator decides when to irrigate based on general crop or soil appearance or limited soil moisture monitoring. System run times are based on past apparent success. The typical irrigated field is a 125 acre corn field with a sprinkler irrigation system.


Scenario_Description:
A medium intensity irrigation water management system for producers using a checkbook method (crop grown, soil moisture conditions prior to irrigation, dates of irrigation start and stop, depths of irrigation applied, duration of irrigations, and amount of rainfall). For a typical scenario, soil moisture is determined by in-field moisture sensors with manual downloads. Irrigation amounts are recorded from a flow meter near the pump. Records are input manually into an irrigation scheduling computer program. Resource Concerns: Insufficient Water Supply-Inefficient use of irrigation water; Degraded Plant Condition-Undesirable plant productivity and health, and Inefficient Energy Use-Equipment and facilities. Associated Practices: 441-Irrigation System Microirrigation, 442-Irrigation System Sprinkler, 443-Irrigation System Surface and Subsurface, 433-Irrigation Water Measurement, 434-Soil Moisture Measurement, 433- Irrigation Flow Measurement.

Before:
The farmer decides when to irrigate based on general crop or soil appearance or limited soil moisture monitoring. System run times are based on past apparent success. The typical irrigated field is a 30 acre corn field with a surface irrigation system.


Scenario_Description:
A medium intensity irrigation water management system for producers using a checkbook method (crop grown, soil moisture conditions prior to irrigation, dates of irrigation start and stop, depths of irrigation applied, duration of irrigations, and amount of rainfall). For a typical scenario, soil moisture is determined by in field moisture sensors with manual downloads. Irrigation amounts are recorded from a flow meter near the pump. Records are input manually into an irrigation scheduling computer program. Resource Concerns: Insufficient Water Supply-Inefficient use of irrigation water; Degraded Plant Condition-Undesirable plant productivity and health, and Inefficient Energy Use-Equipment and facilities. Associated Practices: 441-Irrigation System Microirrigation, 442-Irrigation System Sprinkler, 443-Irrigation System Surface and Subsurface, 433-Irrigation Water Measurement, 434-Soil Moisture Measurement, 433- Irrigation Flow Measurement.

Before:
The farmer decides when to irrigate based on general crop or soil appearance or limited soil moisture monitoring. System run times are based on past apparent success. The typical irrigated field is a 125 acre corn field with a sprinkler irrigation system.


Scenario_Description:
A high intensity irrigation water management system for producers using a checkbook method with advanced methods of determining irrigation water applied, and estimating crop evapotranspiration, monitoring field soil moisture, or monitoring crop temperature stress. Typical methods include flow measurement, daily record keeping, and use of real-time evapotranspiration estimates (such as those provided dedicated weather stations) and/or soil moisture sensors with automated data logging to monitor field soil moisture content and/or crop temperature. For this scenario, soil moisture is determined by automated soil moisture monitoring stations equipped with telemetry data. Irrigation amounts are recorded from a flow meter near the pump. Telemetry data is automatically sent to a computer with irrigation software. Irrigator also receives real time data via mobile phone applications. Some data such as total water applied may be entered into computer software manually. Resource Concerns: Insufficient Water Supply-Inefficient use of irrigation water; Degraded Plant Condition-Undesirable plant productivity and health, and Inefficient Energy Use-Equipment and facilities. Associated Practices: 441-Irrigation System Microirrigation, 442-Irrigation System Sprinkler, 443-Irrigation System Surface and Subsurface, 433-Irrigation Water Measurement, 434-Soil Moisture Measurement, 433- Irrigation Flow Measurement.


Before:
The farmer decides when to irrigate based on general crop or soil appearance or limited soil moisture monitoring. System run times are based on past apparent success. The typical irrigated field is a 125 acre corn field with sprinkler irrigation.


Scenario_Description:
This practice includes the installation of soil moisture sensors such as tensiometers, gyp blocks, capacitance sensors etc., that are installed and read to determine point in time soil moisture by depth; and the labor of using the equipment for the first year. The installation includes the purchase of soil moisture meters and sensors, installation equipment, and labor to install and utilize sensors and readings in making IWM decisions during first year. Typical Scenario involves installation of resistance sensor blocks in a 80 acre field of irrigated cropland. Producer periodically monitors soil moisture sensors during the growing season. Meters used to read sensors may be portable. This scenario only applies to year one IWM. The appropriate labor only IWM scenario applies in subsequent contract years. Resource Concerns: Insufficient Water - Inefficient use of irrigation water, and Degraded Plant Condition - Undesirable plant productivity and health, and Inefficient Energy Use - Equipment and facilities. Associated Practices: 449- Irrigation Water Management, 587-Structure for water Control, 328-Conservation Crop Rotation, and 590-Nutrient Management.

Before:
Producer uses feel method to estimate soil moisture for scheduling irrigation.

After:
Producer has installed four sensors at each monitoring site to a depth of four feet with one sensor representing each foot of depth. Producer uses periodic soil moisture measurements to schedule irrigation resulting in improved irrigation water management and reduced energy use.


Scenario_Description:
This practice includes the installation of electrical soil moisture sensors such as capacitance or resistance sensors that are monitored to determine soil moisture. The installation includes the purchase of soil moisture sensors, installation equipment (probe or auger), and a data logger to log continuous soil moisture data that can be downloaded to a personal computer and associated graphing software. Scenario also includes the labor associated with using the equipment for the first year. Typical Scenario involves installation of resistance sensor blocks in a 120 acre field of sprinkler irrigated cropland. Producer periodically monitors soil moisture sensors during the growing season. This scenario only applies to year one IWM. The appropriate labor only IWM scenario applies in subsequent contract years. Resource Concerns: Insufficient Water - Inefficient use of irrigation water, and Degraded Plant Condition - Undesirable plant productivity and health, and Inefficient Energy Use - Equipment and facilities. Associated Practices: 449- Irrigation Water Management, 587-Structure for water Control, 328-Conservation Crop Rotation, and 590-Nutrient Management.

Before:
Producer uses feel method to estimate soil moisture for scheduling irrigation in the field.

After:
Producer has installed four sensors at each monitoring site to a depth of four feet with one sensor representing each foot of depth. Producer periodically downloads continuously recorded soil moisture measurements that are used to schedule irrigation more effectively resulting in improved irrigation water management and reduced energy use.


Scenario_Name:
Advanced Weather Station and Soil Moisture Sensors 1st Year

Scenario_Description:
Description: This scenario includes the equipment, installation, and data interpretation services for intensive irrigation management and water resources monitoring and evaluation. Installation includes an advanced weather station, soil moisture sensors, and data logger and telemetry equipment. Scenario also includes the engineering consultation services labor associated with the analysis of collected data and development of management recommendations. This scenario applies only to the first year. The appropriate labor only scenario applies in subsequent years. This scenario applies only to sites without existing access to equivalent climatic data supplied by the advanced weather station. Locations with adequate weather data should consider the soil moisture sensor with data loggers first year scenario. Management scenario size is assumed as 160 acres, although weather data may be valid over a larger area. Resource Concerns: Insufficient Water- Inefficient use of irrigation water. Associated Practices Include: 449- Irrigation Water Management; 441- Irrigation System, Microirrigation; 442- Irrigation System, Sprinkler; 443- Irrigation System, Surface; and 587, Structure for Water Control.

Before:
Producer use the feel method to estimate soil moisture for scheduling irrigations.

After:
An advanced weather station, soil moisture sensors, and telemetry equipment are used to continuously collect data. Engineering consultants hired by the producer analyze data and make irrigation recommendations and evaluate water resources data. Service results in improved irrigation water management and optimally scheduled irrigations.


Scenario_Name:
Advanced Weather Station and Soil Moisture Sensors Years 2+

Scenario_Description:
Description: This scenario includes the engineering consultation services labor to analyze data and make and implement irrigation management recommendations using the equipment installed under the Advanced Weather Station and Soil Moisture Monitoring Year 1 scenario. Data sources include an advanced weather station, soil moisture sensors with data loggers, flow meters, etc. It is assumed that an engineer or other water resources professional will provide the data analysis services. Assumed management scenario size is 160 acres. Resource Concerns: Insufficient Water- Inefficient use of irrigation water. Associated Practices Include: 449- Irrigation Water Management; 441- Irrigation System, Microirrigation; 442- Irrigation System, Sprinkler; 443- Irrigation System, Surface; and 587, Structure for Water Control.

Before:
An advanced weather station and soil moisture sensors with a telemetry system has been installed in a previous year.

After:
Engineering consultants hired by the producer analyze data collected by the previously installed equipment and make irrigation recommendations and evaluate water resources data. Service results in improved irrigation water management and optimally scheduled irrigations.


Practice:
450 - Anionic Polyacrylamide (PAM) Application

Scenario_Description:
Control of irrigation induced erosion (typically in furrow irrigated fields) through the direct application of water-soluble Polyacrylamide (PAM) into the irrigation water supply (1 to 3 ounce sprinkled at 3-5 ft furrow inlet or metered at 10 ppm directly into the head ditch). PAM comes in granular, liquid oil emulsion, tablet, and block forms. This typical application is for an 80-acre furrow irrigated row crop field, with one PAM application (1-1.5 lb/ac, creating a 10 ppm concentration of the granular PAM in the head ditch metered via large fish feeder) at first irrigation followed by two additional applications (reduced rates of 0.5-1 lb/ac, or about 1-5 ppm in the inflow water) after cultivations. Resource Concern: Soil erosion. Associated Practices: 443-Irrigation System, Surface and Subsurface, 449-Irrigation Water Management.

Before:
Irrigated lands susceptible to irrigation-induced erosion, excluding peat soils, and where the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of irrigation water is less than 15.

After:
Erosion is minimized in furrow irrigated field.


Scenario_Description:
This scenario addresses closure of horizontal shaft underground mine openings by installing barriers, grating or fencing in order to reduce safety hazards for humans and large animals; maintain or improve access and/or habitat for wildlife, specifically bats and other small wildlife; protect cultural resources which are known to be present in the shaft. For this scenario, problems with subsidence, emission of hazardous gases, and/or contamination of surface and ground water resources are not present. Typical horizontal shaft treated is 15' wide x 5' high. Critical Area Planting (342) & Fence (382) may be associated practices.

Before:
A horizontal shaft that presents a threat to safety for humans and large animals. The shaft is being utilized by bats and other wildlife, or there are known cultural resources present in the shaft that need to be protected.

After:
Bat grating is used to close the shaft to prevent access by humans and other large animals, but not impede wildlife usage.


Scenario_Description:
This scenario addresses closure of horizontal shaft underground mine openings by backfilling to a stable slope with suitable materials to reduce hazards for humans and large animals. For this scenario, problems with subsidence, emission of hazardous gases, and/or contamination of surface and ground water resources are not present. Typical horizontal shaft treated is 15' wide x 5' high with approximately 85 CY of Backfill required. Critical Area Planting (342) & Fence (382) may be associated practices.

Before:
A horizontal shaft mine opening that presents a threat to safety for humans and large animals. The shaft is not being utilized by bats and other wildlife, and there are no known cultural resources present in the shaft.

After:
After closure of the mine opening the hazard to humans and wildlife will be removed.


Scenario_Name:
Horizontal Shaft w/ Acid Mine Drainage (AMD)

Scenario_Description:
This scenario addresses closure of horizontal shaft underground mine openings by backfilling to a stable slope with suitable materials and installation of drainage to pass AMD outside the shaft. For this scenario, problems with subsidence and emission of hazardous gases are not present. Typical horizontal shaft treated is 15' wide x 5' high with approximately 85 CY of Backfill required. Reclamation, Toxic Discharge Control (455), Critical Area Planting (342) & Fence (382) may be associated practices.

Before:
A horizontal shaft mine opening that presents a threat to safety for humans and large animals. Acid Mine Discharge emanates from the mine works and flows toward the opening. If the shaft has been closed by subsidence the possibility of a large surcharge of AMD exists that poses a hazard to the immediate area outside the mine shaft and to downslope areas. The shaft is not being utilized by bats and other wildlife, and there are no known cultural resources present in the shaft.

After:
After closure of the mine opening the hazard to humans and wildlife will be removed. Installation of the drainage will prevent a surcharge of AMD behind the opening and eliminate the possibility of blowouts.


Scenario_Description:
This scenario addresses vertical shaft underground mine openings which are fall hazards to humans and animals. Depths of vertical shafts are typically greater than 100 feet. For this scenario, problems with subsidence, acid mine drainage, and emission of hazardous gases are not present. Typical vertical shaft treated is 15' Dia (Depth varies). Critical Area Planting (342) & Fence (382) may be associated practices.

Before:
An open shaft or hidden shaft poses a severe safety hazard to humans and wildlife.

After:
The plugged shaft will remove the fall hazard to humans and wildlife.


Scenario_Description:
This scenario addresses subsidence of typically shallow mine works or shafts. This subsidence is a hazard to humans, wildlife, and possibly structures. Depths and extent of subsidence can vary widely. For this scenario, problems with acid mine drainage and emission of hazardous gases are not present. Typical subsidence pit 40' Dia and 5' depth. Critical Area Planting (342) & Fence (382) may be associated practices.

Before:
Subsidence resulting in an open pit has created a hazard to humans and wildlife. Subsidence has appeared to stabilize and is not expected to move laterally.

After:
The resulting pit from subsidence has been backfilled to approximate original ground lines. The safety hazard has been removed.


Scenario_Description:
This scenario addresses closure of vertical shaft underground mine openings by installing barriers, grating or fencing in order to reduce safety hazards for humans and large animals; maintain or improve access and/or habitat for wildlife, specifically bats and other small wildlife; protect cultural resources which are known to be present in the shaft. For this scenario, problems with subsidence, emission of hazardous gases, and/or contamination of surface and ground water resources are not present. Typical vertical shaft treated is 8' diameter. Cupula extends 4' outside shaft, and is 3' high. Critical Area Planting (342) & Fence (382) may be associated practices.

Before:
A vertical shaft that presents a threat to safety for humans and large animals. The shaft is being utilized by bats and other wildlife, or there are known cultural resources present in the shaft that need to be protected.


Scenario_Description:
The land surface is shaped or leveled to a specific elevation and grade for various land uses. Cuts and fills are small. The resource concerns are EXCESS / INSUFFICIENT WATER -( Ponding, Flooding) and SOIL EROSION -(Sheet, Rill)

Before:
The field has minor topographic issues or problems with surface drainage or erosion which can be corrected without land leveling or land smoothing. Site conditions require attention to elevation and grade. Typical situation is a 5 acre field. Material to be moved and or placed typically around 100 cubic yards per acre.

After:
Land has been shaped to the required elevations and grades. Resource concerns have been treated. Associated practices, like plantings or drainage water management practices, would be contracted separately as needed.


Scenario_Description:
The site contains a gully or other site specific topographic problem. Site conditions require attention to elevation and grade. Resource concerns are EXCESS / INSUFFICIENT WATER -( Ponding, Flooding) and SOIL EROSION -(Sheet, Rill)

Before:
The site, commonly a crop field or CAFO, has localized gully or topographic issues causing drainage or erosion problems. Typical situation is a gully 10 feet wide and 5 feet deep.


Scenario_Description:
This scenario will level 80 acres of irrigated crop land to a planned grade to permit uniform and efficient application of irrigation water to the leveled land. Equipment used include dirtpans/carry-all/pan-scraper equipment that are typically laser or GPS guided. The typical volume of earth moved is 100 to 700 cubic yards per acre. Resource Concern: Excess/Insufficient - Inefficient Use of Irrigation Water Associated Conservation Practices: 433 - Irrigation System, Surface and Subsurface; 607 - Surface Drain, Field Ditch; 388 - Irrigation Field Ditch; 449 - Irrigation Water Management; or 587 - Structure for Water Control.

Before:
Irregular field surface reduces uniformity of surface application and reduced irrigation efficiency by localized ponding, excessive deep percolation, and/or excess runoff/run-on.

After:
Cropland will be reshaped to provide uniform distribution of irrigation water in promote efficient use of irrigation water and achieve designed irrigation efficiencies.


Scenario_Description:
This scenario will level 80 acres of irrigated crop land in remote locations (>50 miles from equipment source) to a planned grade to permit uniform and efficient application of irrigation water to the leveled land. Equipment used include dirtpans/carry-all/pan-scraper equipment that are typically laser or GPS guided. The typical volume of earth moved is 400 to 700 cubic yards per acre. Typically, Fields have been rough leveled and have excessive row and side fall. Earth moving, using a guided system, involves higher yardage amounts. Field locations are remote and require transport of equipment at distances of 50 miles or greater. Resource Concern: Excess/Insufficient - Inefficient Use of Irrigation Water Associated Conservation Practices: 433 - Irrigation System, Surface and Subsurface; 607 - Surface Drain, Field Ditch; 388 - Irrigation Field Ditch; 449 - Irrigation Water Management; or 587 - Structure for Water Control.

Before:
Irregular field surface reduces uniformity of surface application and reduced irrigation efficiency by localized ponding, excessive deep percolation, and/or excess runoff/run-on. Field locations are remote requiring transport of equipment 50 miles or greater.


Scenario_Description:
Removing irregularities on the land surface of cropland by use of heavy equipment.

Before:
Field damaged by flooding, past agricultural practices, or other topographic issues causing drainage or field workability issues. Typically less than 100 cy/acre material moved. Resource Concerns include Soil Condition, Soil Erosion, and Water Quality/Quantity.

After:
Scraper, backhoe, bulldozer or other heavy equipment used to correct irregularities and address drainage or workability issues. Soil condition and erosion concerns are addressed, and water quality is improved in nearby waterways and streams.


Scenario_Description:
Install 300 ' long by 15' wide by 1.5' deep trapezoidal or parabolic shaped waterway lined with Turf Reinforced Matting (TRM). 1/2 the channel is excavated. Excess excavation is spoiled in the immediate area. TRM is installed over 100% of the width of the waterway to prevent scour and aid in waterway establishment. Cost include excavation, spoiling of excess material, and furnishing and installing TRM. Lined waterway width is measured from top of bank to top of bank.

Before:
Excessive sedimentation and soil erosion as a result of ephemeral or classic gully erosion. Velocities are generally too high or saturated soil conditions make it difficult to establish a grassed waterway.

After:
TRM lined waterway is 300 ' long by 15' wide by 1.5' deep. The practice is installed using a hydraulic excavator. TRM is installed by laborers. Associated practices are Subsurface Drain (606), Underground Outlet (620), Structure for Water Control (587), and Critical Area Seeding (342).


Scenario_Description:
Install 300 ' long by 15' wide by 1.5' deep trapezoidal or parabolic shaped waterway lined with riprap (D100 = 9", Velocity ~ 8 ft/sec). 1/2 the channel is excavated, before excavation for riprap. Excess excavation is spoiled in the immediate area. Riprap is installed over 100% of the width of the waterway to prevent scour. Cost include excavation, spoiling of excess material, geotextile underlayment and installing 9" Rock Riprap. Lined waterway width is measured from top of bank to top of bank.

After:
Rock lined waterway is 300 ' long by 15' wide by 1.5' deep. Waterway is excavated and rock is placed using a hydraulic excavator. Geotextile underlayment is installed by laborers. Associated practices are Subsurface Drain (606), Underground Outlet (620), Structure for Water Control (587), and Critical Area Seeding (342).


Scenario_Description:
Install 300 ' long by 15' wide by 1.5' deep trapezoidal or parabolic shaped waterway lined with riprap (D100 = 18", Velocity ~ 11 ft/sec). 1/2 the channel is excavated, before excavation for riprap. Excess excavation is spoiled in the immediate area. Riprap is installed over 100% of the width of the waterway to prevent scour. Cost include excavation, spoiling of excess material, geotextile underlayment and installing 18" Rock Riprap. Lined waterway width is measured from top of bank to top of bank.


Scenario_Description:
Install 300 ' long by 15' wide by 1.5' deep trapezoidal or parabolic shaped waterway lined with concrete. 1/2 the channel is excavated, before excavation for concrete and subgrade material. Excess excavation is spoiled in the immediate area. Concrete is installed over 100% of the width of the waterway to prevent scour. Cost include excavation, spoiling of excess material, 6" of clean sand or gravel subgrade, and 5" reinforced concrete slab. Lined waterway width is measured from top of bank to top of bank.

Before:
Excessive sedimentation and soil erosion as a result of ephemeral or classic gully erosion. Velocities are generally too high or saturated soil conditions make it difficult to establish a grassed waterway. Usually installed in locations where rock or other lining materials are not readily available.

After:
Concrete lined waterway is 300 ' long by 15' wide by 1.5' deep. Waterway is excavated using a hydraulic excavator. Concrete slab is placed on 6" of clean sand or #57 stone. Concrete is placed, graded and screened by laborers. Associated practices are Subsurface Drain (606), Underground Outlet (620), Structure for Water Control (587), and Critical Area Seeding (342).


Scenario_Description:
Install 300 ' long by 15' wide by 1.5' deep trapezoidal or parabolic shaped waterway lined with a synthetic membrane. 1/2 the channel is excavated. Excess excavation is spoiled in the immediate area. Membrane is installed over 100% of the width of the waterway to prevent scour. Cost include excavation, spoiling of excess material, and furnishing and installing synthetic membrane and geotextile underlayment. Lined waterway width is measured from top of bank to top of bank.

After:
Membrane lined waterway is 300 ' long by 15' wide by 1.5' deep. The practice is installed using a hydraulic excavator. Membrane liner and geotextile underlayment is installed by laborers. Associated practices are Subsurface Drain (606), Underground Outlet (620), Structure for Water Control (587), and Critical Area Seeding (342).


Scenario_Description:
Install 36' long (including inlet and outlet aprons) by 15' wide by 1.5' deep trapezoidal shaped waterway or chute lined with concrete blocks. 1/2 the channel is excavated. Excess excavation is spoiled in the immediate area. 8"x8"x16" standard concrete blocks are installed over 100% of the width of the waterway/chute to prevent scour. Cost include excavation, spoiling of excess material, 3" stone subgrade, geotextile and furnishing and installing standard concrete blocks. Lined waterway width is measured from top of bank to top of bank.

After:
Concrete block lined waterway or chute is 36 ' long by 15' wide by 1.5' deep. Chute is installed on a 3 to 1 slope. The practice is installed using a hydraulic excavator. Geotextile and concrete blocks are installed by laborers. Associated practices are Subsurface Drain (606), Underground Outlet (620), Structure for Water Control (587), and Critical Area Seeding (342).


Scenario_Description:
Restricting access to the use of forest/farm roads and trails by the use of a gate and limited fencing. Resource concerns include Undesirable plant productivity and health, Concentrated flow erosion, Soil compaction, Excessive sediment in surface waters, and Wildlife habitat degradation.

Before:
Roads are damaged or misused, illegal activities occur and/or forest resources are at risk. Extensive amount of fencing (other than that needed to restrict access at the site of ingress) is not included in this scenario, but instead will be planned and installed with the Fence practice (382).

After:
Roads are protected, illegal activities are stopped and/or forest resources are secure.


Scenario_Description:
Excluding animals from an area in order to address identified resource concerns. This is for facilitating exclusion of animals to protect or enhance natural resource values. Control will be by temporary electric fencing. Any need for permanent fencing will be planned and installed using the Fence practice (382). Clearing of brush and trees is not necessary. Resource concerns include Wildlife Habitat degradation, Undesirable plant productivity and health, and/or Excessive sediment in surface waters.

Before:
Sensitive areas are threatened by the adverse actions of domestic and/or wild animals. The importance of the sensitive areas can include (but are not limited to): wildlife habitat, plant species composition, newly established trees and/or plants, stream bank stability, and/or water quality.

After:
Sensitive areas are protected from the adverse actions of domestic and/or wild animals by excluding them from the area.


Scenario_Description:
Restricting human access to a field/farm/property through use of signage and other markings. Resource concerns include Undesirable plant productivity and health, Excessive sediment in surface waters, Concentrated flow erosion, and Wildlife habitat degradation.

Before:
A 20 acre tract (field, farm. forests, etc.) is being damaged or misused by illegal activities that put the resources/property at risk or needs controlled access due to an active management operation such as pest management or timber harvesting. The perimeter needs marking with paint (at 100 foot intervals) and signs at points of ingress. Surveying is not necessary.

After:
The property is adequately marked and protected, illegal activities are stopped and/or forest resources are secure.


Scenario_Description:
Labor and increased time needed to control and re-route animals and traffic from sensitive areas, monitor and maintain barriers. Resource concerns include Excessive sediment in surface waters, Habitat degradation for fish and wildlife, and Undesirable plant productivity and health.

Before:
The application of access control has resulted in increased labor and time to re-route traffic and animals from a riparian area that splits a field in half. This has also lead to more time and labor in monitoring the animals, inspecting and repairing the barrier.

After:
Water quality is maintained, habitat is improved, and plant health is maintained by controlling access to the riparian area.


Scenario_Description:
Application of straw mulch or other state approved natural material to reduce erosion and facilitate the establishment of vegetative cover. Mulch provides full coverage and is typically used with Critical Area Planting. Resource Concern: Soil Erosion

Before:
Typical scenario ranges is a 1.0 acre disturbed site around a newly constructed structural practice. The potential for soil erosion is high and mulch is needed to stabilize the soil and facilitate the establishment of vegetative cover.

After:
Straw mulch has been applied to areas needing mulch. Erosion and sedimentation is reduced, water and soil quality is protected, and vegetative cover is established.


Scenario_Description:
Installation of erosion control blanket on critical areas with steep slopes, or disturbed site around a newly constructed structural practice such as a grassed waterway. Blanket is typically made of coconut coir, wood fiber, straw and is typically covered on both sides with polypropylene netting. Used to help control erosion and establish vegetative cover.

Before:
There are areas of concentrated flow or overland flow which require shaping or other earthwork practice installation. Soil erosion is a concern and there is little to no vegetation.

After:
The erosion control blanket is placed on concentrated flow areas and secured with ground stables. Soil erosion is minimized and vegetative cover is established.


Scenario_Description:
Installation of geotextile, biodegradable plastic, polyethylene plastic, or other state approved synthetic mulch to conserve soil moisture, facilitate plant establishment and provide erosion control. Payment based on actual area covered by mulching material.

Before:
Site conditions very. Typically scenarios include new tree and shrub plantings, irrigated orchards, vineyards, or specialty crops. Water quantity and plant condition are concerns.

After:
Synthetic mulch is applied in rows with a mulch layer or by other mechanized means. Soil moisture is conserved, energy use associated with irrigation is decreased.


Scenario_Description:
Weed barrier fabric or other suitable natural or synthetic mulch is installed with a new tree and shrub planting. Typically used to conserve soil moisture to facilitate tree/shrub establishment. Rate is per tree/shrub and assumes 1 square yard of weed barrier fabric and 5 staples/tree.

Before:
Site conditions vary. Typical scenario is an installation of 100 native trees and shrubs to enhance wildlife habitat. Sites are often remote and trees may not be planted in rows, requiring each tree to be mulched individually. Water quantity and plant condition are concerns.

After:
Weed barrier fabric squares are installed with 5 sod staples each, around individual trees and shrubs to conserve soil moisture and facilitate tree/shrub establishment.


Scenario_Description:
Application of straw mulch or other state approved natural material (such as wood chips, compost, or hay) to reduce erosion, moderate soil temperature and suppress weeds. Typically used to provide partial coverage (either in-row or between rows) to suppress weeds. Payment based on total acres mulched, assuming 3-5 ft. swatch and 10-12 ft. row spacing.

Before:
Site conditions vary. Typically scenarios include new tree and shrub plantings, irrigated orchards or vineyards, or annual and perennial specialty crops. Water quantity and soil moisture is a concern.

After:
Implementation Requirements are prepared according to the 484 Mulching Standard and implemented. Straw or other natural mulch is applied in rows by hand or by mechanized means. Soil moisture is conserved, energy use associated with irrigation is decreased, and weed growth is suppressed.


Scenario_Description:
Application of straw mulch or other state approved natural material to reduce erosion and facilitate the establishment of vegetative cover. Mulch provides full coverage and is typically used with critical area planting. Assumes 2 tons of straw mulch per acre

Before:
Typical scenario ranges from a 0.1 to 1.0 acre disturbed site around a newly constructed structural practice. The potential for soil erosion is high and mulch is needed to stabilize the soil and facilitate the establishment of vegetative cover.

After:
Implementation Requirements are prepared according to the 484 Mulching Standard and implemented. Straw mulch has been applied to areas needing mulch. Erosion and sedimentation is reduced, water and soil quality is protected, and vegetative cover is established.


Scenario_Description:
This practice involves the use of heavy machinery to treat an area in order to improve site conditions for establishing trees and/or shrubs. Typical sites include trees and brush cover that is not appropriate to the site or providing the desired condition for the landowner. This practice is typically used to address the following resource concerns: degraded plant condition - undesirable plant productivity and health and inadequate structure and composition and soil quality degradation - soil erosion - sheet and rill.

Before:
The site is dominated by undesirable vegetation including herbaceous plants and significant amounts of woody vegetation (trees and brush) occupying the site. There is also a significant component of woody debris onsite. Noxious and invasive species may also be present on the site. Soils are compacted as a result of past heavy equipment activities or from other land uses. Sheet and rill erosion is occurring in areas where the soil was severely disturbed exposing bare soil. If left untreated, soil compaction and erosion issues will result in poor survival or reduced growth of trees/shrubs to be established on the site.

After:
Undesirable vegetation has been removed using mechanical methods reducing competition for target trees and/or shrubs. Woody debris has been removed to facilitate tree/shrub planting operations. Soil compaction has been alleviated, allowing penetration of moisture and allowing roots to grow properly. Site conditions are favorable for successful establishment of trees and/or shrubs. The typical size is 40 acres.


Scenario_Description:
This practice involves the use of light/moderate machinery to clear above ground vegetation and to also rip/cut/lift underground root systems in order to improve site conditions for establishing trees and/or shrubs. Typical sites include abandoned fields, pastures, rangelands, agricultural fields or forestlands that have been harvested. This following resource concerns: soil quality degradation - compaction, soil erosion - sheet and rill, and degraded plant condition - undesirable plant productivity and health and inadequate structure and composition.

Before:
Undesirable vegetation is present on the site including herbaceous plants and sparse woody competition. Noxious and invasive species may also be present on the site. If left uncontrolled, undesirable vegetation will inhibit successful establishment of target species of trees and/or shrubs. Soils are compacted as a result of harvesting heavy equipment activities or other land uses.

After:
Undesirable vegetation has been removed using a bush hog to knock down stand vegetation and heavy tillage equipment is used to breakup and lift root systems, breakup plow pans (<18" deep), thus enhancing the conditions for planting and survival of trees and/or shrubs. Soil compaction has been alleviated, allowing penetration of moisture and allowing roots to grow properly. Site conditions are favorable for successful establishment of trees and/or shrubs. The typical size of the practice is 40 acres.


Scenario_Description:
This practice involves the use of various herbicides applied using ground-based machinery in order to remove undesirable vegetation and improve site conditions for establishing trees and/or shrubs. Typical sites include abandoned fields, pastures, rangelands, agricultural fields or forestland that was recently harvested. This practice is typically used to address the following resource concerns: degraded plant condition - undesirable plant productivity and health and inadequate structure and composition.

Before:
Undesirable vegetation is present on the site including herbaceous plants and woody vegetation. Noxious and invasive species may also be present on the site. If left uncontrolled, undesirable vegetation will inhibit successful establishment of target species of trees and/or shrubs.

After:
Undesirable vegetation has been treated using appropriate herbicides, reducing competition for target trees and/or shrubs. Site conditions are favorable for successful establishment of trees and/or shrubs. The typical size of the practice is 40 acres.


Scenario_Description:
This practice involves the use of herbicides applied by helicopter in order to remove undesirable vegetation and improve site conditions for establishing trees and/or shrubs. This typical scenario includes open land such as abandoned fields, pastures or forestlands that were recently harvested. This practice is typically used to address the following resource concerns: degraded plant condition - undesirable plant productivity and health and inadequate structure and composition.

Before:
Undesirable vegetation is present on the site including herbaceous plants and woody competition. Noxious and invasive species may also be present on the site. If left uncontrolled, undesirable vegetation will inhibit successful establishment of target species of trees and/or shrubs.


Scenario_Description:
This practice involves the use of various herbicides applied using backpack sprayer or similar equipment, and hack-n-squirt for tree control, in order to remove undesirable vegetation and improve site conditions for establishing trees and/or shrubs. Typical sites include lands such as old fields, pastures, rangelands, agricultural fields, previous forestlands that have been abandoned and are now covered with a mixture of grasses, forbs, shrubs and some remnant trees. Resource concerns are: degraded plant condition - undesirable plant productivity and health and inadequate structure and composition.

Before:
Undesirable vegetation, including woody and herbaceous plants, occupy 100 % of the on the site. Noxious and invasive species may also be present on the site. If left uncontrolled, undesirable vegetation will inhibit successful establishment of target species of trees and/or shrubs.


Scenario_Description:
This practice typically involves grubbing all vegetation from the area of ground prior to the establishment of trees and/or shrubs. Typical sites include land such as old fields, pastures, rangelands, agricultural fields, or abandoned forests that are mostly grass or weed covered. This practice is typically used to address the following resource concerns: degraded plant condition - undesirable plant productivity and health and inadequate structure.

Before:
The site contains undesirable vegetation including herbaceous and woody plants. Noxious and invasive species may also be present on the site. If left uncontrolled, undesirable vegetation will inhibit successful establishment of target species of trees and/or shrubs. Soils are compacted as a result of recent timber harvesting activities or other land uses. If left untreated poor survival or reduced growth of trees/shrubs will occur and wildlife habitat conditions will not improve.

After:
All undesirable vegetation has been grubbed out of a 1 ft by 1 ft area, leaving bare soil, at each planting spot. Typical tree spacing would be about 8 feet (680 trees per acre). Tree seedlings and/or shrubs are planted at each spot. Adequate moisture, space and light is available allowing plants to grow properly. Site conditions are favorable for successful establishment of trees and/or shrubs. The typical size is 10 acres.


Scenario_Description:
This practice involves the use of various mechanical equipment in order to prepare a site for tree row planting and remove undesirable vegetation and improve site conditions for establishing trees and/or shrubs. Typical sites include abandoned fields, pastures, rangelands, or forestland that was recently harvested. This practice is typically used to address the following resource concerns: degraded plant condition - undesirable plant productivity and health, and inadequate structure and composition.

Before:
Ground needs prepared for establishment of trees and shrubs in rows. Undesirable vegetation is present on the site including herbaceous plants and woody vegetation. Noxious and invasive species may also be present on the site. If left uncontrolled, undesirable vegetation will inhibit successful establishment of target species of trees and/or shrubs.

After:
Ground has been prepare to establish tree and shrub rows. Undesirable vegetation has been treated using appropriate herbicides, reducing competition for target trees and/or shrubs. Site conditions are favorable for successful establishment of trees and/or shrubs. The typical size of the practice is 1.5 acres.


Scenario_Description:
This practice involves the use of various chemical/tillage methods to allow for the planting of a windbreak. Site preparation includes chemically killing vegetation prior to mechanical site preparation that includes appropriate methods to allow for planting of the site which may include one or all of the following, ripping, disking, and harrowing. This practice may be applied on all lands needing treatment to facilitate establishment of trees and/or shrubs to facilitate establishment of a windbreak. Typical sites include open land such as old fields, pastures, rangelands and agricultural fields. Resource concerns: Soil erosion--Wind erosion, .

Before:
Undesirable vegetation, including woody and herbaceous plants, is present on the site. Noxious and invasive species may also be present on the site. If left uncontrolled, undesirable vegetation will inhibit successful establishment of target species of trees and/or shrubs. Soil is compacted as a result of prior land management activities.

After:
Undesirable vegetation has been treated using appropriate herbicides, reducing competition for target trees and/or shrubs. Site conditions are favorable for successful establishment of trees and/or shrubs. The typical size is 1.5 acres.


Scenario_Name:
Removal and Disposal of Brush and Trees < 6 inch Diameter

Scenario_Description:
Remove and disposal of brush and trees < 6 inches in diameter by demolition, excavation or other means required for removal. Dispose of all brush and trees so that it does not impede subsequent work or cause onsite or offsite damage. Dispose of all brush and trees by removal to an approved landfill, wood chipping and or land distribution, or recycling center, burial at an approved location or burning. If burning is used, implement appropriate smoke management to protect public health and safety. Remove and dispose of brush and trees in order to apply conservation practices or facilitate the planned land use. Brush and tree removal will address the resource concerns of the prevention or hindrance to the installation of conservation practices or present a hazard to their use and enjoyment.

Before:
On any land where existing obstructions interfere with planned land use development, public safety or infrastructure. The site may be abandoned mine lands, construction sites, recreation areas, farms, ranches, and areas affected by natural disasters. This is not intended for the removal of obstructions from aquatic environments.

After:
The typical area will be a 2.0 acre impaired area. The removal of brush and trees < 6 inch diameter will be performed with the use of equipment and hand labor. Dispose of all brush and trees from the obstruction removal so that it does not impede subsequent work or cause onsite or offsite damage. Revegetate or otherwise protect from erosion disturbed areas as soon as possible. Refer to NRCS Conservation Practice Standard 342, Critical Area Planting for seedbed preparation, seeding, fertilizing, and mulching requirements. The practice is to improve site conditions in order to apply conservation practices or facilitate better use of the landscape.


Scenario_Name:
Removal and Disposal of Brush and Trees > 6 inch Diameter

Scenario_Description:
Remove and disposal of brush and trees > 6 inches in diameter by demolition, excavation or other means required for removal. Dispose of all brush and trees so that it does not impede subsequent work or cause onsite or offsite damage. Dispose of all brush and trees by removal to an approved landfill, wood chipping and or land distribution, or recycling center, burial at an approved location or burning. If burning is used, implement appropriate smoke management to protect public health and safety. Remove and dispose of brush and trees in order to apply conservation practices or facilitate the planned land use. Brush and tree removal will address the resource concerns of the prevention or hindrance to the installation of conservation practices or present a hazard to their use and enjoyment.

After:
The typical area will be a 2.0 acre impaired area. The removal of brush and trees > 6 inch diameter will be performed with the use of equipment and hand labor. Dispose of all brush and trees from the obstruction removal so that it does not impede subsequent work or cause onsite or offsite damage. Revegetate or otherwise protect from erosion disturbed areas as soon as possible. Refer to NRCS Conservation Practice Standard 342, Critical Area Planting for seedbed preparation, seeding, fertilizing, and mulching requirements. The practice is to improve site conditions in order to apply conservation practices or facilitate better use of the landscape.


Scenario_Description:
Remove and disposal of all existing fences by demolition, excavation or other means required for removal. Dispose of all fence materials from the site so that it does not impede subsequent work or cause onsite or offsite damage. Dispose of all materials by removal to an approved landfill, wood chipping and land distribution, or recycling center, burial at an approved location or burning. If burning is used, implement appropriate smoke management to protect public health and safety. Remove and dispose of the unwanted fence obstruction in order to apply conservation practices such as Upland Wildlife Habitat Management (645) or facilitate the planned land use. Fence removal will address the resource concerns of the prevention or hindrance to the installation of conservation practices or present a hazard to their use and enjoyment and reduce hazards to wildlife.

Before:
On any land where existing fence interferes with planned land use development, public safety, wildlife movement and habitat, or infrastructure. The site may be abandoned mine lands, construction sites, recreation areas, farms, ranches, and areas affected by natural disasters. This is not intended for the removal of obstructions from aquatic environments.

After:
The typical fence will be 2640 in linear feet. The removal of the fence will be performed with the use of equipment and hand labor. Dispose of all debris from the fence removal so that it does not impede subsequent work or cause onsite or offsite damage. Revegetate or otherwise protect from erosion disturbed areas as soon as possible. Refer to NRCS Conservation Practice Standard 342, Critical Area Planting for seedbed preparation, seeding, fertilizing, and mulching requirements. The practice is to improve site conditions in order to apply conservation practices or facilitate better use of the landscape such as Upland Wildlife Habitat Management (645).


Scenario_Name:
Removal and Disposal of Rock and or Boulders

Scenario_Description:
Remove and disposal of rock and or boulders by drilling, blasting, demolition, excavation or other means required for removal. Dispose of all rocks and or boulders so that it does not impede subsequent work or cause onsite or offsite damage. Dispose of all rock and or boulders by removal to an approved location, or reuse location. Remove and dispose all rock and or boulders in order to apply conservation practices or facilitate the planned land use. Rocks and or boulders will address the resource concerns of the prevention or hindrance to the installation of conservation practices or present a hazard to their use and enjoyment.

After:
The typical area will be a 5.0 acre impaired area. The removal of rock and or boulders will be performed by drilling, blasting, demolition, excavation or other means required for removal with the use of heavy equipment and hand labor. Dispose of all rocks and boulders from the obstruction removal so that it does not impede subsequent work or cause onsite or offsite damage. Revegetate or otherwise protect from erosion disturbed areas as soon as possible. Refer to NRCS Conservation Practice Standard 342, Critical Area Planting for seedbed preparation, seeding, fertilizing, and mulching requirements. The practice is to improve site conditions in order to apply conservation practices or facilitate better use of the landscape.


Scenario_Name:
Removal and Disposal of Steel and or Concrete Structures

Scenario_Description:
Remove and disposal of steel and or concrete structures by demolition, excavation or other means required for removal. Dispose of all steel and or concrete structures so that it does not impede subsequent work or cause onsite or offsite damage. Dispose of all steel and or concrete structures by removal to an approved location, or reuse location. Remove and dispose all steel and or concrete structures in order to apply conservation practices or facilitate the planned land use. Steel and or concrete structure removal will address the resource concerns of the prevention or hindrance to the installation of conservation practices or present a hazard to their use and enjoyment.

After:
The typical area will be a 2000 square feet of impaired land. The removal of steel and or concrete structures will be performed by demolition, excavation or other means required for removal with the use of heavy equipment and hand labor. Dispose of all steel and or concrete structures from the obstruction removal so that it does not impede subsequent work or cause onsite or offsite damage. Revegetate or otherwise protect from erosion disturbed areas as soon as possible. Refer to NRCS Conservation Practice Standard 342, Critical Area Planting for seedbed preparation, seeding, fertilizing, and mulching requirements. The practice is to improve site conditions in order to apply conservation practices or facilitate better use of the landscape.


Scenario_Description:
Remove and disposal of wood structures by demolition, excavation or other means required for removal. Dispose of all wood structures so that it does not impede subsequent work or cause onsite or offsite damage. Dispose of all wood structures by removal to an approved location, landfill, or reuse location. Remove and dispose all wood structures in order to apply conservation practices or facilitate the planned land use. Wood structure removal will address the resource concerns of the prevention or hindrance to the installation of conservation practices or present a hazard to their use and enjoyment.

After:
The typical area will be a 2000 square feet of impaired land. The removal of wood structures will be performed by demolition, excavation or other means required for removal with the use of heavy equipment and hand labor. Dispose of all wood structures from the obstruction removal so that it does not impede subsequent work or cause onsite or offsite damage. Revegetate or otherwise protect from erosion disturbed areas as soon as possible. Refer to NRCS Conservation Practice Standard 342, Critical Area Planting for seedbed preparation, seeding, fertilizing, and mulching requirements. The practice is to improve site conditions in order to apply conservation practices or facilitate better use of the landscape.


Scenario_Description:
Improved cultural practices and recordkeeping result in better forage quality and better livestock performance.

Before:
Forage cutting heights are as close to the ground as equipment will allow resulting in very low stubble height. Plant regrowth is very slow. Forage quality tests are not regularly done. Records of forage quality components, cutting heights, moisture content, and harvest schedule are not regularly kept.

After:
Forage cutting heights are raised to leave at least 3-4" stubble height for cool season grasses and 6" for warm season grasses. Increased residual forage results in much faster plant regrowth. Forage quality tests are submitted to an accredited lab for analysis. Records of forage quality components, cutting heights, moisture content, and harvest schedule are regularly kept to track increased forage quality and improved livestock performance.


Scenario_Description:
Preemptive harvest of forage crops to prevent damage from insects (such as leafhopper on alfalfa) or other pests results in better forage quality and better livestock performance.

Before:
Forage pests are usually controlled with pesticides.

After:
In organic or transitioning to organic systems, forage pests are controlled by executing a preemptive harvest before pests can damage forage quality. Forage yields are reduced because of immature stage of forage growth. Forage tests are submitted to an accredited lab for analysis. Records of forage quality components are used to adjust feeding rations.


Scenario_Description:
In perennial forage crops, the delaying the harvest of the first cutting to promote the reproduction of ground nesting birds. Delaying the harvest of the first cutting will benefit ground nesting birds; research at the University of Vermont showed that breeding success for declining grassland songbirds (e.g. Bobolink) went from 0 on a regularly harvested hay field to 2.8 fledglings per female per year when the first harvest on a hayfield was delayed until August 1st. Bobolinks, Eastern Meadowlarks, and Savannah Sparrows require a nesting period to fledge young that lasts through the end of July in most parts of the eastern US. The delayed harvest results in a decrease in overall forage quality. Farmers could see as much as a 50% reduction in market value due to declines in protein (~50%) and digestibility (~20%), making the forage crop less palatable and lower in relative feed value. The selected fields should be large enough to promote ground nesting birds. After young have fledged the field will be harvested for dry forages.

Before:
Perennial forage crops are produced and harvested; ground nesting birds are disturbed and/or fledgling birds are killed in the process.

After:
Annual crops are harvested with a delayed mowing; forage quality is compromised, however, the survival of ground nesting birds is promoted.


Scenario_Name:
Double cropping - Delayed harvest and subsequent planting

Scenario_Description:
In double cropped annual forages, delaying the harvest of the first crop will provide feed and shelter for ground nesting birds. Delaying the harvest results in a decrease in overall forage quality. Farmers could see as much as a 50% reduction in market value due to declines in protein (~50%) and digestibility (~20%), making the forage crop less palatable and lower in relative feed value. The selected fields should be large enough to promote ground nesting birds. After the young have fledged the second crop will be planted, approximately one month later than normal. Subsequently, the harvest of the second crop will cause an approximately 20% yield decline. The selected area should be large enough to buffer adults and nestlings from silage chopping in adjacent areas or fields. After young have fledged the field will be chopped and used as grain or silage. This practice is best planned cooperatively with the farmer and appropriate wildlife agencies far enough in advance to reduce disturbance to ground nesting birds. For example, Tricolored Blackbirds need a 35-day window from the time of nest building to fledge young and the silage needs to remain uncut until then.

Before:
Double cropped annual forage crops are produced and harvested; ground nesting birds are disturbed and/or fledgling birds are killed in the process.

After:
Double cropped annual crops are harvested with a delayed mowing and a subsequent later planting of the second crop; forage quality is compromised somewhat, however, the survival of ground nesting birds is promoted.


Scenario_Description:
Establish or reseed adapted perennial native grasses to improve or maintain livestock/wildlife nutrition and health, extend the length of the grazing season, and provide soil cover to reduce erosion. Used for either conventional or no-till seeding of native grasses for pasture, hayland, and wildlife openings. This practice may be utilized for organic or regular production. This scenario assumes fertilizer, seed, equipment and labor for seed bed prep, tillage, seeding ,and spreading.

Before:
Poorly managed/degraded pasture land or cropland being converted to pasture and/or hay.


Scenario_Description:
Establish or reseed adapted perennial native grasses to improve or maintain livestock/wildlife nutrition and health, extend the length of the grazing season, and provide soil cover to reduce erosion. Used for either conventional or no-till seeding of native grasses for pasture, hayland, and wildlife openings. This practice may be utilized for organic or regular production. This scenario assumes fertility and pH are not needed. Seed, equipment and labor for seed bed prep, tillage, seeding ,and spreading are included.


Scenario_Description:
Establish or reseed with 2 or more adapted perennial native warm season grasses to improve or maintain livestock/wildlife nutrition and health, extend the length of the grazing season, and provide soil cover to reduce erosion. Used for either conventional or no-till seeding of perennial native warm season grasses for pasture, hayland, and wildlife openings. This practice may be utilized for organic or regular production. This scenario assumes fertilizer, seed, equipment and labor for seed bed prep, tillage, seeding ,and spreading.

After:
Suitable NWSG species are established to improve forage quality and quantity and reduce soil erosion on cropland, hayland, pasture and/or biomass production.


Scenario_Name:
Native Perennial 2 or more species with Low Input

Scenario_Description:
Establish or reseed with two or more adapted perennial native warm season grasses to improve or maintain livestock/wildlife nutrition and health, extend the length of the grazing season, and provide soil cover to reduce erosion. Used for either conventional or no-till seeding of perennial native warm season grasses for pasture, hayland, and wildlife openings. This practice may be utilized for organic or regular production. This scenario assumes fertility and pH are not needed. Seed, equipment and labor for seed bed prep, tillage, seeding ,and spreading are included.


Scenario_Description:
Construction of a compacted soil liner, treated with a soil dispersant, to reduce seepage from ponds or waste storage impoundment structures. Practice implementation includes incorporation of the dispersant with the soil liner under proper moisture conditions, compaction to the designed liner thickness, and placement of soil cover over the treated liner. Practice implementation may require filter compatibility with the subgrade (graded filter or geotextile). Associated practice PS378, PS313.

Feature_Measure:
Volume of Liner Material including Soil Cover over Liner


Scenario_Description:
Construction of a compacted soil liner, treated with bentonite, to reduce seepage from ponds or waste storage impoundment structures. Practice implementation includes incorporation of the bentonite with the soil under proper moisture conditions, compaction to the designed liner thickness. Practice implementation may require filter compatibility with the subgrade (graded filter or geotextile). Associated practice PS378, PS313.


Scenario_Description:
Construction of a compacted soil liner, treated with bentonite, to reduce seepage from ponds or waste storage impoundment structures. Practice implementation includes incorporation of the bentonite with the soil under proper moisture conditions, compaction to the designed liner thickness, and placement of soil cover over the treated liner. Practice implementation may require filter compatibility with the subgrade (graded filter or geotextile). Associated practice PS378, PS313.

Before:
In-place soils at site exhibit seepage rates in excess of acceptable limits. Soils are suitable for treatment with bentonite.

Feature_Measure:
Volume of Liner Material (includes 1 foot of soil cover over liner)


Scenario_Description:
Construction of a compacted soil liner, treated with compacted clay, to reduce seepage from ponds or waste storage impoundment structures. Practice implementation includes compaction of the soil liner under proper moisture conditions to the designed liner thickness, and soil cover to protect the finished liner. Material haul < 1 mile. Associated practices include PS378, PS313, & other waste water impoundments.

Before:
In-place soils at site exhibit seepage rates in excess of acceptable limits. An adequate quantity of soil suitable for constructing a clay liner without amendments is available at an economical haul distance. Material haul < 1 mile.

Feature_Measure:
Volume of Liner Material (including volume of soil cover, as needed)


Scenario_Description:
Construction of a compacted soil liner, treated with compacted clay, to reduce seepage from ponds or waste storage impoundment structures. Practice implementation includes compaction of the soil liner under proper moisture conditions to the designed liner thickness, and protection of the finished liner. Material haul > 1 mile. Associated practices include PS378, PS313, & other waste water impoundments.

Before:
In-place soils at site exhibit seepage rates in excess of acceptable limits. An adequate quantity of soil suitable for constructing a clay liner without amendments is available at an economical haul distance.


Practice:
521A - Pond Sealing or Lining, Flexible Membrane

Scenario_Name:
Flexible Membrane - Uncovered without liner drainage or venting

Scenario_Description:
Installation of a flexible geosynthetic membrane liner, uncovered, to reduce seepage from ponds or waste storage impoundment structures. Practice implementation includes a geotextile or soil cushion to protect the liner from subgrade damage. Associated practices include PS378 Pond, PS313 Waste Storage Facility.

Before:
In-place soils at site exhibit seepage rates in excess of acceptable limits.

Feature_Measure:
Surface area of Liner Material (including anchorage)


Scenario_Name:
Flexible Membrane - Uncovered with liner drainage or venting

Scenario_Description:
Installation of a flexible geosynthetic membrane liner, uncovered, to reduce seepage from ponds or waste storage impoundment structures. Practice implementation includes a geotextile or soil cushion to protect the liner from subgrade damage, and liner drainage or venting. Associated practices include PS378 Pond, PS313 Waste Storage Facility.


Scenario_Name:
Flexible Membrane - Covered without liner drainage or venting

Scenario_Description:
Installation of a flexible geosynthetic membrane liner to reduce seepage from ponds or waste storage impoundment structures. Practice implementation includes 1 foot of soil cover for liner protection, and a geotextile or soil cushion to protect liner from subgrade damage. Associated practices include PS378 Pond, PS313 Waste Storage Facility.


Scenario_Name:
Flexible Membrane - Covered with liner drainage or venting

Scenario_Description:
Installation of a flexible geosynthetic membrane liner to reduce seepage from ponds or waste storage impoundment structures. Practice implementation includes 1 foot of soil cover for liner protection, a geotextile or soil cushion to protect liner from subgrade damage, and liner drainage or venting. Associated practices include PS378 Pond, PS313 Waste Storage Facility.


Scenario_Description:
Installing a sinkhole protection cap on a sinkhole with a linear opening. The area around a sinkhole may be unstable and slippage or subsidence may occur. Sinkholes present fall hazards to people and livestock. Sinkholes are direct conduits to groundwater. Nutrient or chemical laden runoff may flow directly into sinkholes polluting groundwater. Sinkholes are routinely used for waste pits by landowners. Critical Area Planting (342), Fence (382), Vertical Drain (630), Obstruction Removal (500) & Filter Strips (393) may be associated practices for this scenario.

Before:
Open sinkhole poses threat to people, livestock, & wildlife. Absence of buffer allows nutrients and chemicals to flow into the open sinkhole untreated. Trash & Debris have accumulated in the sinkhole from years of use as a waste pit. 'Typical Sinkhole treated is 25' length and 10' top width, depth varies

After:
Debris removed and properly disposed of off site. The sinkhole protection cap installation resolves the safety issue for people, livestock, & wildlife. The open crevice is filled with porous material so as not to disrupt the hydrology of the karst system while filtering runoff. Typical Sinkhole treated is 25' length and 10' top width, depth varies.


Scenario_Description:
Installing a sinkhole protection cap on a circular sinkhole with a vertical opening. The area around a sinkhole may be unstable and slippage or subsidence may occur. Sinkholes present fall hazards to people and livestock. Sinkholes are direct conduits to groundwater. Nutrient or chemical laden runoff may flow directly into sinkholes polluting groundwater. Sinkholes are routinely used for waste pits by landowners. Critical Area Planting (342), Fence (382), Vertical Drain (630), Obstruction Removal (500) & Filter Strips (393) may be associated practices for this scenario.

Before:
Open sinkhole poses threat to people, livestock, & wildlife. Absence of buffer allows nutrients and chemicals to flow into the open sinkhole untreated. Trash & Debris have accumulated in the sinkhole from years of use as a waste pit. Typical Sinkhole treated is 30' Dia & 8' depth

After:
Debris removed and properly disposed of off site. The sinkhole protection cap installation resolves the safety issue for people, livestock, & wildlife. The sinkhole is filled with porous material so as not to disrupt the hydrology of the karst system while filtering runoff.


Scenario_Description:
Design and implementation of a grazing system that will enhance rangeland health and ecosystem function as well as optimize efficiency and economic return through monitoring (ex:  photo points, stubble height after grazing, etc.) & record keeping.

Before:
Current grazing system exhibits undesirable and inefficient use of forage plants and such use may have a negative impact on rangeland health, as well as soil and water resources. Stocking rates are likely higher than the current level of production and efficiency of use can support without management changes. There is currently no monitoring plan in place to evaluate change on the landscape.

After:
Prescribed grazing system is designed to protect the health and vigor of the plant communities that are in place. Livestock are managed in a way that enhances rangeland health and function through protection of sensitive areas, and efficient harvest of forage resources. Grazing system success will be evaluated through short term monitoring.


Scenario_Description:
Design and implementation of a grazing system that will enhance rangeland health and ecosystem function as well as optimize efficiency and economic return through monitoring (ex: trend, composition, production, etc.), record keeping.

After:
Prescribed grazing system is designed to protect the health and vigor of the plant communities that are in place. Livestock are managed in a way that enhances rangeland health and function through proper rest and recovery periods, protection of sensitive areas, proper utilization, and efficient harvest of forage resources. Grazing system success will be evaluated through long term monitoring.


Scenario_Description:
Development and implementation of a grazing schedule that will enhance habitat components for the identified wildlife species of concern.

Before:
Wildlife cover, shelter, food, water and movement are limited due to grazing land condition. Plant health and vigor are negatively impacted by one or more of the following: poor grazing distribution, timing of grazing and inadequate rest and recovery periods. Water quality may be impacted by increased runoff and erosion. In addition reduced vegetative cover increases the opportunity for encroachment of noxious and invasive weeds.

After:
A grazing system is altered and/or enhanced to benefit habitat for targeted wildlife species. Additional benefits include improved rangeland and/or pasture health, protection of sensitive areas, improved water quality and reduced risk of invasive or noxious weed encroachment.


After:
A grazing system is altered and/or enhanced to benefit habitat for targeted wildlife species. Additional benefits include improved rangeland and/or pasture health, adequate rest and recovery periods, protection of sensitive areas, improved water quality and reduced risk of invasive or noxious weed encroachment. In order to achieve this, implementation of a rest/rotation or deferred grazing system will be required. A portion of the acres (20% for Sage Grouse Initiative) will be deferred during periods of critical wildlife use.


Scenario_Description:
Design and implementation of a grazing system that will enhance pasture condition and ecosystem function as well as optimize efficiency and economic return through monitoring (ex:  photo points, stubble height after grazing, etc.) & record keeping.

Before:
Current grazing system exhibits undesirable and inefficient use of forage plants and such use may have a negative impact on pasture condition, as well as soil and water resources. Stocking rates are likely higher than the current level of production and efficiency of use can support without management changes. There is currently no monitoring plan in place to evaluate change on the landscape.

After:
Prescribed grazing system is designed to protect the health and vigor of the plant communities that are in place. Livestock are managed in a way that enhances pasture condition and function through protection of sensitive areas, and efficient harvest of forage resources. Grazing system success will be evaluated through short term monitoring.


Scenario_Description:
Design and implementation of a grazing system that will enhance pasture condition and ecosystem function as well as optimize efficiency and economic return through monitoring (ex: trend, composition, production, etc.), record keeping.

After:
Prescribed grazing system is designed to protect the health and vigor of the plant communities that are in place. Livestock are managed in a way that enhances pasture condition and function through proper rest and recovery periods, protection of sensitive areas, proper utilization, and efficient harvest of forage resources. Grazing system success will be evaluated through long term monitoring.


Scenario_Description:
Defer the pasture for 90 days and up to a growing season to manage for invasive weeds when necessary, to improve the health of the plants and/or provide nesting habitat for wildlife species. Keep records of dates out and monitor to determine when desired objectives of deferment are met.

Before:
Over-grazed pasture, a pasture with a low condition score, or a newly established pasture converted from cropland with a need for proper grazing management.

After:
Improve the health and vigor of the sward, through deferment of grazing and improve the nesting habitat for wildlife.


Scenario_Description:
Defer Rangeland for up to one year to manage for invasive weeds/brush, prescribed burning, to improve the rangeland health and/or provide nesting habitat for wildlife species. Keep records of dates out and monitor to determine when desired objectives of deferment are met.

Before:
Over-grazed pasture, a native rangeland with declining rangeland health, or a newly established range planting converted from cropland with a need for proper grazing management.

After:
Improve the health and vigor native rangeland, through deferment of grazing and improve the nesting habitat for wildlife.


Scenario_Description:
Management of woody non-herbaceous plant species through the use of livestock that are closely herded to concentrate grazing on targeted shrubs. Typical area is moderate rolling to gentle sloping, moderately deep to deep soils that have dense stands of woody non-herbaceous species that exceed the desirable ecological site condition. This scenario is an alternative for organic producers.

Before:
Area consist of dense stands of woody non-herbaceous species that exceed the desirable ecological site condition degrading forage quality, promoting noxious and invasive species, increasing risk of soil erosion and degrading wildlife habitat.

After:
Woody species are grazed to limit the regrowth of shrubs and achieve a desirable plant community based on species composition, structure, density, and canopy cover or height. Ecological site condition is progressing in an upward trend, hydrology and plant health and vigor is returning to near normal levels.


Scenario_Description:
Design and implementation of a grazing system that will enhance rangeland health and ecosystem function as well as optimize efficiency and economic return through basic monitoring that does not require much training (ex: photo points, stubble height after grazing, Rangeland Health Assessment, etc.) and record keeping. The scenario is based on implementing a prescribed grazing plan on all the fields in the grazing operation. This scenario is to be used for grazing operations where the total acres of the grazing operation is between1500 and 10,000 acres. Prescribed grazing is often necessary for implementation of CPS 314 Brush Management, CPS 550 Range Planting and CPS 645 Upland Wildlife Habitat Management.

Before:
Current grazing system exhibits undesirable and inefficient use of forage plants and such use may have a negative impact on rangeland health, as well as, soil and water resources. Stocking rates are likely higher than the current level of production and efficiency of use can support without management changes. Monitoring is currently not being conducted to evaluate change on the landscape.

After:
Prescribed grazing system is designed to protect the health and vigor of the plant communities that are in place. Short term monitoring will ensure that the livestock are managed in a way that enhances rangeland health and function through protection of sensitive areas, and efficient harvest of forage resources. This will result in improved soil health, improved plant condition and reduced soil erosion.


Scenario_Description:
Design and implementation of a grazing system that will enhance rangeland health and ecosystem function as well as optimize efficiency and economic return through basic monitoring that does not require much training (ex: photo points, stubble height after grazing, Rangeland Health Assessment, etc.) and record keeping. The scenario is based on implementing a prescribed grazing plan on all the fields in the grazing operation. This scenario is to be used for grazing operations where the total acres of the grazing operation is more than 10,000. Prescribed grazing is often necessary for implementation of CPS 314 Brush Management, CPS 550 Range Planting and CPS 645 Upland Wildlife Habitat Management.


Scenario_Description:
Design and implementation of a grazing system that will enhance rangeland health and ecosystem function as well as optimize efficiency and economic return through basic monitoring that does not require much training (ex: photo points, stubble height after grazing, Rangeland Health Assessment, etc.) and record keeping. The scenario is based on implementing a prescribed grazing plan on all the fields in the grazing operation. This scenario is to be used for grazing operations where the total acres of the grazing operation is less than 1500. Prescribed grazing is often necessary for implementation of CPS 314 Brush Management, CPS 550 Range Planting and CPS 645 Upland Wildlife Habitat Management.


Scenario_Description:
A 2.5 Hp submersible electric-powered pump is installed in a well or structure; or a close-coupled 1 Hp electric-powered centrifugal pump is mounted on a platform. It is used for watering livestock as part of a prescribed grazing system; or for pressurizing a small irrigation system; or for transferring liquid waste in a waste transfer system. Resource Concerns: Livestock Production Limitation - Inadequate livestock water; Water Quality degradation - Excess nutrients in surface and ground waters; Insufficient water - Inefficient use of irrigation water. Associated Practices include: 374 - Farmstead Energy Improvement; 430 - Irrigation Pipeline; 441 - Irrigation System, Microirrigation; 449 - Irrigation Water Management; 516 - Livestock Pipeline; 313 - Waste Storage Facility; 634 - Waste Transfer; and 614 - Watering Facility.

Before:
Livestock: The present gravity flow system is inadequate to provide the proper flow rate for a prescribed grazing system. Irrigation: Available water is at an insufficient pressure to allow for even distribution of water. Waste Transfer: Contaminated water needs to be moved to a containment facility.

After:
Livestock: Water is transferred at a sufficient rate and pressure to meet the requirements of a prescribed grazing system. Irrigation: A properly designed pump is installed to improve irrigation efficiency and reduce energy usage. Waste Transfer: Liquid wastes that have been collected through a waste transfer system are now efficiently transferred to an appropriate treatment or storage facility.


Scenario_Name:
Electric-Powered Pump <= 5 HP with Pressure Tank

Scenario_Description:
A 1 Hp submersible electric-powered pump is installed in a well or structure; or a close-coupled 1 Hp electric-powered centrifugal pump is mounted on a platform. It is used for watering livestock as part of a prescribed grazing system; or for pressurizing a small irrigation system. Resource Concerns: Livestock Production Limitation - Inadequate livestock water; Insufficient water - Inefficient use of irrigation water. Associated Practices include: 374 - Farmstead Energy Improvement; 430 - Irrigation Pipeline; 441 - Irrigation System, Microirrigation; 449 - Irrigation Water Management; 516 - Livestock Pipeline.

Before:
Livestock: The present gravity flow system is inadequate to provide the proper flow rate for a prescribed grazing system. Irrigation: Available water is at an insufficient pressure to allow for even distribution of water.

After:
Livestock: Water is transferred at a sufficient rate and pressure to meet the requirements of a prescribed grazing system. Irrigation: A properly designed pump is installed to improve irrigation efficiency and reduce energy usage.


Scenario_Description:
This is a close-coupled, 3-phase, 7.5 Hp electric-powered centrifugal pump mounted on a platform for pressurizing a large-sized (1,200 gpm and 50 psi) sprinkler or very large micro irrigation (1,700 gpm and 35 psi) system or a very large-sized surface irrigation system (2,800 gpm) or a very large-sized (2,400 gpm and 25 psi) waste transfer system. Resource Concerns: Water Quality degradation - Excess nutrients in surface and ground waters; Insufficient water - Inefficient use of irrigation water. Associated Practices include: 374 - Farmstead Energy Improvement; 430 - Irrigation Pipeline; 441 - Irrigation System, Microirrigation; 442 - Irrigation System, Sprinkler; 449 - Irrigation Water Management; 313 - Waste Storage Facility; and 634 - Waste Transfer.

Before:
Irrigation: An existing irrigation system employs an inefficient, improperly sized pump that prevents efficient water application resulting in water loss and high energy use.

After:
Irrigation: A properly designed and efficient pumping plant is installed, reducing energy use and improving irrigation efficiency.


Scenario_Name:
Internal Combustion-Powered Pump10 to 50HP

Scenario_Description:
The typical scenario supports installation of a pump in an existing irrigation system or installation of a new pump on cropland with a 30 BHP pump. Size of pump is determined by required GPM and pressure derived from a design for specific irrigation system on cropland. The combination of higher solids content and volume require a larger horse power pump. This liquid manure pump is used to transfer semi-solid manure from a small reception pit located either below a barnyard or at the end of a free-stall barn or scrape alley. Resource Concerns: Water Quality degradation - Excess nutrients in surface and ground waters; Insufficient water - Inefficient use of irrigation water. Associated Practices include: 374 - Farmstead Energy Improvement; 430 - Irrigation Pipeline; 441 - Irrigation System, Microirrigation; 449 - Irrigation Water Management; 313 - Waste Storage Facility; 634 - Waste Transfer; 436 - Irrigation Reservoir; and 447 - Irrigation System, Tailwater Recovery; and 614 - Watering Facility.

Before:
Irrigation: Either an existing irrigation system employs an inefficient, improperly-sized pump that leads to inefficient water delivery resulting in high energy costs, or Waste Transfer: various types of semi-solid or liquid waste at the headquarters is uncollected causing surface and ground water issues.

After:
Irrigation Setting: For irrigation system, a properly designed pump is installed, reducing water and energy usage. Waste Transfer Setting: For semi-solid or liquid waste, wastes that have been collected through a waste transfer system are now efficiently transferred to appropriate treatment or storage facilities or crop application. Due to topography, gravity transfer is not possible and a properly sized pump is needed to transfer waste as part of a waste transfer system.


Scenario_Description:
This is an installation of electrical and electronic components designed to vary the frequency of the voltage to an electric motor and thus the ability to vary the speed of the motor. This directly affects pressure and flowrate. This also could give the operator the flexibility to operate several systems separately or at the same time. Resource concerns: Insufficient water - Inefficient use of irrigation water; Inefficient energy use - Equipment and facilities and Farming/ranching practices and field operations. Associated Practices: 374 - Farmstead Energy Improvement; 430 - Irrigation Pipeline; 441 - Irrigation System, Microirrigation; 449 - Irrigation Water Management; 516 - Livestock Pipeline; and 614 - Watering Facility.

Before:
Standard electrical connection from electrical utility to pump motor. No capability to match pump output pressure and/or flowrate to field(s) need(s). Result is over/under pressure(s) and/or flow rate(s), possible hydraulic anomalies, energy loss, and or inefficient water application in the irrigation system.

After:
VFD Modifications are implemented at the pump site to allow for varying the speed of a 50 Hp electric motor to match the pressure and flow requirements for a center pivot irrigation system.


Scenario_Name:
Internal Combustion-Powered Pump <= 50HP


Scenario_Name:
Internal Combustion-Powered Pump > 50 to 70 HP

Scenario_Description:
The typical scenario supports installation of a pump in an existing irrigation system or installation of a new pump on cropland with a 60 BHP pump. Size of pump is determined by required GPM and pressure derived from a design for specific irrigation system on cropland. The combination of higher solids content and volume require a larger horse power pump. This liquid manure pump is used to transfer semi-solid manure from a small reception pit located either below a barnyard or at the end of a free-stall barn or scrape alley. Resource Concerns: Water Quality degradation - Excess nutrients in surface and ground waters; Insufficient water - Inefficient use of irrigation water. Associated Practices include: 374 - Farmstead Energy Improvement; 430 - Irrigation Pipeline; 441 - Irrigation System, Microirrigation; 449 - Irrigation Water Management; 313 - Waste Storage Facility; 634 - Waste Transfer; 436 - Irrigation Reservoir; and 447 - Irrigation System, Tailwater Recovery; and 614 - Watering Facility.


Scenario_Name:
Internal Combustion-Powered Pump > 70 HP

Scenario_Description:
The typical scenario supports replacement of a pump in an existing irrigation system or installation of a new pump on cropland that is 75 break HP pump or larger. Size of pump is determined by required GPM and pressure derived from a design for specific irrigation system on cropland. Scenario could also be used for a pump for silage leachate, barnyard runoff, and milk house waste (as part of a waste transfer system) at farm headquarters. Resource Concerns: Water Quality degradation - Excess nutrients in surface and ground waters; Insufficient water - Inefficient use of irrigation water. Associated Practices include: 374 - Farmstead Energy Improvement; 430 - Irrigation Pipeline; 441 - Irrigation System, Microirrigation; 449 - Irrigation Water Management; 313 - Waste Storage Facility; 634 - Waste Transfer; and 614 - Watering Facility.


Scenario_Description:
This scenario involves a PTO driven pump to either transfer water for an irrigation system from a Pond - 378 (includes backflow prevention as appropriate) to cropland or; to transfer semi-solid/ liquid manure (as part of a waste transfer system) at the farm headquarters from a Waste Storage Facility - 313, to an irrigation system or waste treatment facility. In both cases, a PTO driven pump is selected because the landowner has equipment available to supply power to the pump. Electricity is not readily available and/or a stationary engine is not a practical alternative. Resource Concerns: Water Quality degradation - Excess nutrients in surface and ground waters; Insufficient water - Inefficient use of irrigation water. Associated Practices include: 430 - Irrigation Pipeline; 442 - Irrigation System, Sprinkler; 449 - Irrigation Water Management; 590 - Nutrient Management; 378 - Pond; 313 - Waste Storage Facility; and 634 - Waste Transfer.

Before:
Irrigation Setting: An existing surface irrigation system employs an inefficient, improperly sized pump that leads to inefficient water delivery resulting in high energy costs; Waste Transfer Setting: various types of semi-solid or liquid waste at the headquarters are uncollected causing surface and ground water issues. A transfer method for waste is needed. Due to topography, gravity transfer is not possible and a properly sized pump is needed to transfer waste as part of a waste transfer system.

After:
Irrigation Setting: A properly designed PTO-driven pump is installed, to transfer water to an Irrigation Pipeline (430) or Irrigation Canal or Lateral (320). Waste Transfer Setting: Wastes that have been collected through a waste transfer system are now efficiently transferred from a Waste Storage Facility (313) to an appropriate treatment facility or to an irrigation system. The pump typically will move 2,000 gallons per minute and is portable so that it can be used at several locations.


Scenario_Description:
A windmill is installed in order to supply a reliable water source for livestock and/or wildlife. The windmill includes the tower, concrete footings, wheel blade unit, sucker rod, down pipe, gear box, pump, plumbing, and well head protection concrete pad. The typical scenario will be a windmill system with a 10 ft diameter mill and 27-foot tower which is pumping from a 150-foot well. As a result of installing this windmill, resource concerns of inadequate stock water, plant establishment, growth, productivity, health, and vigor, and water quantity can be addressed. Resource Concerns: Insufficient stockwater.

Before:
In a rangeland or pasture setting, a reliable source of water for livestock is not available, or the spacing between water sources is such that grazing distribution and plant health are adversely impacted.

After:
A windmill, with a wheel ranging from 6' to 16' in diameter, will be installed over a well that is located to provide a reliable source of livestock water at the rate of at least 2 gpm, to facilitate proper grazing distribution and improved plant health. To increase reliability, water is pumped into a storage tank to provide a given number of days of supply. Installation includes the footings, wellhead protection concrete pad, tower, gear box, sail, sucker rod, down hole accessories, and a short outlet pipe to a storage tank.


Scenario_Name:
Photovoltaic-Powered Pump - Remote Locations

Scenario_Description:
The typical scenario assumes installation of a submersible solar-powered pump in a well or a live stream in remote areas at least 50 miles or more from source of equipment and/or materials. The installation includes the pump, wiring, drop pipe, solar panels, mounts, inverter, and all appurtenances. Note: It is generally not advisable to use a storage battery for a number of reasons. A storage tank is generally the most efficient method to store energy. Grazing - Livestock exclusion from surface water will result in improved surface water quality and reduced erosion. Irrigation - energy consumption will be reduced and the increased pressure and flow rates will improve irrigation efficiency. Resource Concerns: Insufficient stockwater. Associated Practices include: 374 - Farmstead Energy Improvement; 382 - Fence; 430 - Irrigation Pipeline; 436 - Irrigation Reservoir; 516 - Livestock Pipeline; 561 - Heavy Use Area Protection; and, 614 - Watering Facility.

Before:
Livestock: Inadequate supply or location of water for a prescribed grazing system. Eroded stream banks and degraded water quality due to livestock access to stream. Cattle are not well-distributed because of remote water location. Irrigation: Pressure and flow rate is insufficient for uniform irrigation.

After:
The typical scenario assumes installation of 250 watts of photovoltaic (PV) panels, capable of operating a 1/4 Hp (0.25 Hp) solar-powered submersible pump in a well or other water source (Notes: 1) A PV panel is rated under standard and ideal conditions which will most likely not be replicated in the field; 2) 1 Hp is defined as 746 watts; 3) It is reasonable to expect a 1/4 Hp solar-powered submersible pump to deliver about 1.5 gpm and develop a pressure at the pump outlet of about 60 psi.). The installation includes the pump, wiring, pipeline in the well, solar panels, frame mounts, inverter, and all appurtenances. Water will be pumped to an existing storage tank at a higher elevation from which it will be used to pressurize the Livestock Pipeline (516) or Irrigation Pipeline (430). Grazing - Livestock exclusion from surface water will result in improved surface water quality and reduced erosion. Grazing has potential to be well distributed. Irrigation: Improved pressure and flow rate will improve irrigation efficiency.


Scenario_Description:
A water ram is used to transfer water from a live stream to a Watering Facility (614) or small Irrigation Reservoir (436) utilizing the energy of moving water to transfer a portion of that water to a higher elevation. It is anchored to a small concrete pad. Bypass water (which could easily be 90% of the water diverted from the stream) is returned to the stream or transferred in a pipe, to a lower elevation tank (614 or 436), without erosion or impairment to water quality. In the livestock scenario, the objective is to provide water to the cattle outside of a live stream or other natural water source thereby eliminating a significant erosion situation while also improving water quality. The cattle thus have access to drinking water without having to enter the stream. The water ram may need to be fenced for protection from curious bovines. While it is generally not considered practical for irrigation, in the irrigation scenario, water can be retrieved from a stream and stored in a small 436 to provide water for a very small (0.1 acre) irrigation system. Resource Concerns: Insufficient stockwater. Associated Practices: 374 - Farmstead Energy Improvement; 382 - Fence; 430 - Irrigation Pipeline; 436 - Irrigation Reservoir; 516 - Livestock Pipeline; 561 - Heavy Use Area Protection; and, 614 - Watering Facility.

Before:
Water in a nearby stream is not available at the desired location, pressure and/or flow rate.

After:
A 2" diameter inlet pipe is installed and connected to a water ram pump with all appurtenances and anchored to a concrete pad (9 ft x 4 ft x 5 in) or other appropriate secure base. Depending upon the application, either a 1-inch diameter Livestock Pipeline (516) or an Irrigation Pipeline (430) is installed from the water ram to a 5,000 gallon storage facility. Improved water quantity or quality, grazing management, plant diversity, animal health, and/or irrigation purposes as outlined in the appropriate NRCS irrigation system standard. A 2" water ram, with 10 gpm of inlet flow and 10 feet of drop, can supply about 1.0 gpm to a location about 50 feet higher than the water ram.


Scenario_Description:
A Nose Pump is a diaphragm pump located in a pasture for the purpose of providing water to cattle. For a permanent installation, it is typical to also install Heavy Use Area Protection (561) (separate contract item) where the cattle congregate around the pump. It is powered and operated by cattle to transfer water from a stream to a drinking bowl. The objective is to provide water to the cattle outside of a live stream or other natural water source thereby eliminating a significant erosion situation and while also improving water quality. The cattle thus have access to drinking water without having to enter the stream. Generally one nose pump is adequate for 20 cattle. Resource Concerns: Insufficient stockwater; Inefficient energy use - Equipment and facilities. Associated Practices include: 374 - Farmstead Energy Improvement; 382 - Fence; 516 - Livestock Pipeline; 561 - Heavy Use Area Protection; and, 614 - Watering Facility.

Before:
Livestock have open access to a live stream or other existing natural water supply. Water supply is contaminated due to animal activity and stream banks are eroded on a daily basis. Improper cattle distribution results in poor water quality, poor grazing distribution, over grazing, and soil erosion.

After:
One nose pump is installed with all appurtenances anchored to concrete pad with 6"x6"x10 Gauge reinforcement wire (9 ft x 4 ft x 5 in) or other appropriate secure base to supply water to cattle for improved livestock herd management. Additional Heavy Use Area Protection (561) in the form of crushed rock and at least 5 feet wide, may be installed (separate contract item) surrounding the concrete pad. Improved: water quality, soil quality, grazing management, plant diversity, and animal health.


Scenario_Description:
Description: This scenario includes the modification and/or replacement of vertical turbine pumps in existing active wells to ensure that pumping plant performance is matched to the designed operating requirements of the appurtenant irrigation system and aquifer conditions. This practice is typically done concurrently with a conversion of an irrigation system and is not intended to substitute for normal maintenance activities. This scenario includes an inventory of existing pump data and performing a pump test if sufficient performance data for the existing pump cannot be provided. This scenario includes all materials, equipment, and labor to test and repair the inner column of the pump assembly and rebowling. Associated practices include: 441- Irrigation System, Microirrigation; 442- Irrigation System, Sprinkler; 443- Irrigation System, Surface

Before:
120 acres of cropland that is being irrigated with a pump that is no longer matched to the operating conditions of the appurtenant system due to improvements in the irrigation system or changes in flow rate or water surface levels due to aquifer depletion.

After:
120 acres of cropland that is being irrigated with a modified pump that is matched to irrigation system and aquifer conditions


Scenario_Description:
This is a close-coupled, 3-phase, 25 Hp electric-powered centrifugal pump mounted on a platform for pressurizing a medium-sized (600 gpm and 50 psi) sprinkler or large micro irrigation (850 gpm and 35 psi) system or a large-sized surface irrigation system (1,200 gpm) or a large-sized (1,200 gpm and 25 psi) waste transfer system. Resource Concerns: Water Quality degradation - Excess nutrients in surface and ground waters; Insufficient water - Inefficient use of irrigation water. Associated Practices: 374 - Farmstead Energy Improvement; 430 - Irrigation Pipeline; 441 - Irrigation System, Microirrigation; 449 - Irrigation Water Management; 313 - Waste Storage Facility; 634 - Waste Transfer; and 614 - Watering Facility.

Before:
Irrigation: An existing irrigation system employs an inefficient, improperly sized pump that prevents efficient water application resulting in water loss and high energy use. Waste Transfer: Various types of semi-solid or liquid waste are uncollected causing surface and ground water issues. Due to topography, gravity transfer is not possible and a properly sized pump is needed to transfer waste as part of a waste transfer system.

After:
Irrigation: A properly designed and efficient pumping plant is installed, reducing energy use and improving irrigation efficiency. Waste Transfer: Collected wastes are now efficiently transferred to an appropriate treatment or storage facility or to a distribution system.


Scenario_Description:
This is a close-coupled, 3-phase, 40 Hp electric-powered centrifugal pump mounted on a platform for pressurizing a large-sized (1,200 gpm and 50 psi) sprinkler or very large micro irrigation (1,700 gpm and 35 psi) system or a very large-sized surface irrigation system (2,800 gpm) or a very large-sized (2,400 gpm and 25 psi) waste transfer system. Resource Concerns: Water Quality degradation - Excess nutrients in surface and ground waters; Insufficient water - Inefficient use of irrigation water. Associated Practices: 374 - Farmstead Energy Improvement; 430 - Irrigation Pipeline; 441 - Irrigation System, Microirrigation; 442 - Irrigation System, Sprinkler; 449 - Irrigation Water Management; 313 - Waste Storage Facility; and 634 - Waste Transfer.


Scenario_Name:
Photovoltaic Pump Less Than or Equal to 250 Watts

Scenario_Description:
The typical scenario assumes installation of a submersible solar-powered pump in a well or a live stream. The installation includes the pump, wiring, drop pipe, solar panels, mounts, inverter, and all appurtenances. Note: It is generally not advisable to use a storage battery for a number of reasons. A storage tank is generally the most efficient method to store energy. Grazing - Livestock exclusion from surface water will result in improved surface water quality and reduced erosion. Irrigation - energy consumption will be reduced and the increased pressure and flow rates will improve irrigation efficiency. Resource Concerns: Insufficient stockwater. Associated Practices include: 374 - Farmstead Energy Improvement; 382 - Fence; 430 - Irrigation Pipeline; 436 - Irrigation Reservoir; 516 - Livestock Pipeline; 561 - Heavy Use Area Protection; and, 614 - Watering Facility.


After:
The typical scenario assumes installation of approximately 500 watts of photovoltaic (PV) panels, capable of operating a 1/2 Hp (0.5 Hp) solar-powered submersible pump in a well or other water source (Notes: 1) A PV panel is rated under standard and ideal conditions which will most likely not be replicated in the field; 2) 1 Hp is defined as 746 watts; 3) It is reasonable to expect a 1/2 Hp solar-powered submersible pump to deliver about 5 gpm and develop a pressure at the pump outlet of about 60 psi.). The installation includes the pump, wiring, pipeline in the well, solar panels, frame mounts, inverter, and all appurtenances. Water will be pumped to an existing storage tank at a higher elevation from which it will be used to pressurize the Livestock Pipeline (516) or Irrigation Pipeline (430). Grazing - Livestock exclusion from surface water will result in improved surface water quality and reduced erosion. Grazing has potential to be well distributed. Irrigation: Improved pressure and flow rate will improve irrigation efficiency.


Scenario_Name:
Photovoltaic Pump Greater than 1000 Watts

After:
The typical scenario assumes installation of approximately 1000 watts of photovoltaic (PV) panels, capable of operating a 3/4 Hp (0.75 Hp) solar-powered submersible pump in a well or other water source (Notes: 1) A PV panel is rated under standard and ideal conditions which will most likely not be replicated in the field; 2) 1 Hp is defined as 746 watts; 3) It is reasonable to expect a 3/4 Hp solar-powered submersible pump to deliver about 5 gpm and develop a pressure at the pump outlet of about 60 psi.). The installation includes the pump, wiring, pipeline in the well, solar panels, frame mounts, inverter, and all appurtenances. Water will be pumped to an existing storage tank at a higher elevation from which it will be used to pressurize the Livestock Pipeline (516) or Irrigation Pipeline (430). Grazing - Livestock exclusion from surface water will result in improved surface water quality and reduced erosion. Grazing has potential to be well distributed. Irrigation: Improved pressure and flow rate will improve irrigation efficiency.


Scenario_Description:
This is a close-coupled, 3-phase, 50 Hp electric-powered centrifugal pump mounted on a platform for pressurizing a large-sized 1,000 gpm and 50 psi) sprinkler or very large micro irrigation (2,000 gpm and 30 psi) system or a very large-sized surface irrigation system (3,000 gpm) or a large-sized (2,000 gpm and 25 psi) waste transfer system. Resource Concerns: Water Quality degradation - Excess nutrients in surface and ground waters; Insufficient water - Inefficient use of irrigation water. Associated Practices include: 374 - Farmstead Energy Improvement; 430 - Irrigation Pipeline; 441 - Irrigation System, Microirrigation; 442 - Irrigation System, Sprinkler; 449 - Irrigation Water Management; 313 - Waste Storage Facility; and 634 - Waste Transfer.

After:
A properly designed and efficient pumping plant is installed, reducing energy use and improving irrigation efficiency


Scenario_Description:
This is a close-coupled, 3-phase, 100 Hp electric-powered centrifugal pump mounted on a platform for pressurizing a very large (2500 gpm and 50 psi) sprinkler or a large-sized surface irrigation system (3,000 gpm). Resource Concerns: Water Quality degradation - Excess nutrients in surface and ground waters; Insufficient water - Inefficient use of irrigation water. Associated Practices include: 374 - Farmstead Energy Improvement; 430 - Irrigation Pipeline; 441 - Irrigation System, Microirrigation; 442 - Irrigation System, Sprinkler; 449 - Irrigation Water Management; 313 - Waste Storage Facility; and 634 - Waste Transfer.


Scenario_Description:
using heavy modified plow or combinations of equipment that modifies physical soil layer or plant conditions on rangelands.

Before:
Desired Ecological plant community is limited by a plant or soil layer that physically restricts change over a threshold.

After:
Desired Ecological plant community has changed by overcoming the threshold or the seeded vegetation establishes and sustains its function and ecological processes for the life of the practice.


Scenario_Description:
This also applies to organic operations as well. Chisel plowing or subsoiling will be used to break the restrictive layers that will increase water infiltration, break up sod and thatch on introduced forages. Depth of treatment will be 1" deeper than the restrictive layer.

Before:
Forage growth on pastureland is limited by compacted soils layers and /or dense sod with a thatch build up.

After:
Forage growth is increased due to greater rooting depths and water infiltration.


Scenario_Description:
On the contour, using mechanical equipment or combinations of equipment that modifies physical soil layer or plant conditions on rangeland.

After:
Desired Ecological plant community has changed by overcoming the threshold or the seeded vegetation establishes and sustains its function and ecological processes for the life of the practice and geomorphology of the site.


Scenario_Description:
Establishment of a mixture of PREDOMINANTLY NATIVE adapted perennial species on a rangeland unit to improve forage condition, improve wildlife habitat and/or reduce erosion. Seed mix of Predominantly Native species is chosen based on range conditions and availability of seed. Planting by aerial broadcasting.

Before:
Rangeland with existing stand of perennial or annual grasses OR monoculture OR no grasses present where natural reseeding or vegetation enhancement by grazing management alone is unlikely. Resource concerns may include: undesirable plant productivity and health, inadequate feed and forage for livestock, soil erosion and soil quality.

After:
Establishment of PREDOMINANTLY NATIVE adapted perennial vegetation such as grasses, forbs, legumes, shrubs, and trees to improve forage quality and quantity and reduce soil erosion on rangeland, native or naturalized pasture, grazed forest or other suitable location.


Scenario_Description:
Establishment of a mixture of PREDOMINANTLY NATIVE adapted perennial species on a rangeland unit to improve forage condition, improve wildlife habitat and/or reduce erosion. Seed mix of Predominantly Native species is chosen based on range conditions and availability of seed. Planting by preparing a seedbed with MODERATE TO HEAVY TILLAGE (ex: ripping & heavy disk) and seeding with a no-till drill, range drill, or broadcasting.

Before:
Rangeland with existing stand of perennial or annual grasses OR monoculture OR no grasses present where natural reseeding or vegetation enhancement by grazing management alone is unlikely. Existing conditions often require complete suppression or eradication of existing vegetation to ensure success of planting. Resource concerns may include: undesirable plant productivity and health, inadequate feed and forage for livestock, soil erosion and soil quality.


Scenario_Description:
Establishment of a mixture of PREDOMINANTLY NATIVE adapted perennial species on a rangeland unit to improve wildlife habitat, benefit pollinators & beneficial insects, improve forage condition, and/or reduce erosion. Seed mix of PREDOMINANTLY NATIVE SPECIES IS CHOSEN TO SPECIFICALLY BENEFIT WILDLIFE (ex: big game spp, Sage grouse, Lesser Prairie Chicken, others) or POLLINATORS (ex: inclusion of 5-10 forb species) based on range conditions and availability of seed. FOR POLLINATOR HABITAT: Consideration is given to selecting plants that bloom sequentially throughout the growing season where feasible. Planting by preparing a seedbed with MODERATE TO HEAVY TILLAGE (ex: ripping & heavy disk) and seeding with a no-till drill, range drill, or broadcasting.

Before:
Rangeland with existing stand of perennial or annual grasses OR monoculture OR no grasses present where natural reseeding or vegetation enhancement by grazing management alone is unlikely. Existing conditions often require complete removal, suppression, or eradication of existing vegetation to ensure success of planting. Pollinator plantings should Resource concerns may include: inadequate habitat for wildlife (ex: big game spp, Sage grouse, Lesser Prairie Chicken, others) undesirable plant productivity and health, inadequate feed and forage for livestock, soil erosion and soil quality.

After:
Establishment of PREDOMINANTLY NATIVE adapted perennial vegetation such as grasses, forbs, legumes, shrubs, and trees with an emphasis on species beneficial to wildlife or Pollinators on rangeland, native or naturalized pasture, grazed forest or other suitable location. For Pollinator habitat: Plants that bloom sequentially throughout the growing season are established, where feasible.


Scenario_Description:
Establishment of a mixture of PREDOMINANTLY NON-NATIVE adapted perennial species on a rangeland unit to improve forage condition, improve wildlife habitat and/or reduce erosion. Seed mix of Predominantly Non-Native species is chosen based on range conditions and availability of seed. Planting by aerial broadcasting.

After:
Establishment of PREDOMINANTLY NON-NATIVE adapted perennial vegetation such as grasses, forbs, legumes, shrubs, and trees to improve forage quality and quantity and reduce soil erosion on rangeland, native or naturalized pasture, grazed forest or other suitable location.


Scenario_Description:
Establishment of a mixture of PREDOMINANTLY NON-NATIVE adapted perennial species on a rangeland unit to improve forage condition, improve wildlife habitat and/or reduce erosion. Seed mix of Predominantly Native species is chosen based on range conditions and availability of seed. Planting by preparing a seedbed with MODERATE TO HEAVY TILLAGE (ex: ripping & heavy disk) and seeding with a no-till drill, range drill, or broadcasting.


Scenario_Description:
Establishment of a mixture of PREDOMINANTLY NATIVE adapted perennial species on a rangeland unit to benefit pollinators, beneficial insects, and may provide food and cover resources for other wildlife species. Seed mix of Predominantly Native species is chosen TO SPECIFICALLY BENEFIT POLLINATORS (ex: inclusion of 5-10 forb species) based on range conditions and availability of seed. Consideration is given to selecting plants that bloom sequentially throughout the growing season where feasible. Planting by preparing a seedbed with MODERATE TO HEAVY TILLAGE (ex: ripping & heavy disk) and seeding with a no-till drill, range drill, or broadcasting.

Before:
Rangeland with existing stand of perennial or annual grasses OR monoculture OR no grasses present where natural reseeding or vegetation enhancement by grazing management alone is unlikely. Existing conditions often require complete removal, suppression, or eradication of existing vegetation to ensure success of planting. Resource concerns may include: inadequate Pollinator habitat, undesirable plant productivity and health, inadequate feed and forage for livestock, soil erosion and soil quality.

After:
Establishment of PREDOMINANTLY NATIVE adapted perennial vegetation such as grasses, forbs, legumes, shrubs, and trees with an emphasis on species beneficial to Pollinators & beneficial insects on rangeland, native or naturalized pasture, grazed forest or other suitable location. Plants that bloom sequentially throughout the growing season are established, where feasible.


Scenario_Description:
Establishment of a mixture of PREDOMINANTLY NATIVE adapted perennial species on a rangeland unit to improve forage condition, improve wildlife habitat and/or reduce erosion. Seed mix of Predominantly Native species is chosen based on range conditions and availability of seed. Planting by preparing a seedbed with a LIGHT TO MODERATE TILLAGE and seeding with a no-till drill, range drill, or broadcasting.


Scenario_Description:
Establishment of a mixture of PREDOMINANTLY NON-NATIVE adapted perennial species on a rangeland unit to improve forage condition, improve wildlife habitat and/or reduce erosion. Seed mix of Predominantly Non-Native species is chosen based on range conditions and availability of seed. Planting by preparing a seedbed with a LIGHT TO MODERATE tillage and seeding with a no-till drill, range drill, or broadcasting.


Scenario_Description:
Establishment of a mixture of PREDOMINANTLY NATIVE adapted perennial species on a rangeland unit to improve forage condition, improve wildlife habitat and/or reduce erosion. Seed mix of Predominantly Native species is chosen based on range conditions and availability of seed. Planting by preparing a seedbed with a LIGHT TO MODERATE TILLAGE and seeding with a no-till drill, range drill, or broadcasting. This scenario includes foregone income when land is converted from IRRIGATED cropland.

Before:
A monoculture of IRRIGATED crops are grown on cropland. The resource concerns include soil erosion, soil quality degradation, inadequate habitat for fish and wildlife.

After:
Establishment of PREDOMINANTLY NATIVE adapted perennial vegetation such as grasses, forbs, legumes, shrubs, and trees is established to protect soil from erosion, increase carbon sequestration and improve soil health, provide habitat for pollinators and other wildlife, and provide adequate forage for livestock.


Scenario_Description:
Establishment of a mixture of PREDOMINANTLY NATIVE adapted perennial species on a rangeland unit to improve forage condition, improve wildlife habitat and/or reduce erosion. Seed mix of Predominantly Native species is chosen based on range conditions and availability of seed. Planting by preparing a seedbed with a LIGHT TO MODERATE TILLAGE and seeding with a no-till drill, range drill, or broadcasting. This scenario includes foregone income when land is converted from DRYLAND cropland.

Before:
A monoculture of DRYLAND crops are grown on cropland. The resource concerns include soil erosion, soil quality degradation, and inadequate habitat for fish and wildlife.


Scenario_Description:
This scenario is the process of managing water discharges from surface and/or subsurface agricultural drainage systems by reducing nutrient loading into surface waters. Typical systems consist of a 75 acre field with existing drainage tile lines and installed water control structures. The operator goes to the field in order to adjust water control structures (riser boards). While on site the date and adjustment information is recorded/logged. The number of yearly adjustments is based on 6 trips to a field 5 miles from headquarters. The field time to make and record each adjustment is 0.5 hours per structure (including travel time). The typical field will contain 5 water control structures; 3 structures control field water levels and 2 structures control a single denitrifying bioreactor. Resource Concern: Water Quality - Excess Nutrients in surface and ground waters. Associated Practices: 606-Subsurface Drain; 607-Surface Drain, Field Ditch; 608-Surface Drain, Main or Lateral; 587-Structure for Water Control; 590-Nutrient Management .

Before:
Existing drainage systems are in place and water flows uncontrolled.

After:
Existing drainage systems are managed to reduce flow of field drainage waters from the site and reduce nitrate loading by denitrification.


Scenario_Name:
Establishing Row Direction, Grade, & Length.

Scenario_Description:
Includes establishing crop rows in direction, grade and length by setting a baseline by ground survey, GPS, GIS, or other appropriate methods that will provide the planned results to provide drainage, erosion control. Used as part of drainage system, control runoff, reduces soil erosion. Crop rows on planned grades and lengths. Direction and length of rows will vary according to local situation. Planner will consider crop, exposure, aspect, flow of water, and use of additional practices. May be used on dryland areas to fully and effectively utilize rainfall. This scenario addresses the resource concern of Soil Erosion / irrigation induced soil erosion / sheet & rill.

Before:
This practice applies to all crop land areas where there is a need for reducing soil erosion ,improving irrigation efficiency, improving drainage and improving production practices which improve energy efficiency and minimize the application of chemicals and nutrients overlapping ( Parallel System) while improving the water quality to receiving water bodies. Row arrangement is applied as part of a surface drainage system for a field where the rows are planned to carry runoff to main or lateral drains; to facilitate optimum use of water in graded furrow irrigation systems; in dryland areas where it is necessary to control the grade of rows to more fully utilize available rainfall; on sloping land where control of the length, grade and direction of the rows can help reduce soil erosion, as a stand-alone practice or in conjunction with other conservation practices

After:
Crop rows are established in direction, grade and length by setting a baseline by ground survey, GPS, GIS, or other appropriate methods that will provide the planned results. To remove irregularities on land surface with special equipment, that may require a needed change of length, direction, or slope of crop rows and slope, the field will need to be smoothed or leveled to correct irregularities and address drainage or Irrigation Issues, then other Conservation Practices should be used to address these concerns by using Land Smoothing (466), Precision Land Leveling ( 462), Irrigation Land Leveling (464), Other associated practices that maybe used are Grassed Waterway (412), Sediment Basin (350), Terrace (600), Filter Strip (393), Irrigation Water Management (449), Grade Stabilization (410), Conservation Cover (327), and Cover Crop (340)

Feature_Measure:
Area to Set Row Direction, Grade, & Length


Scenario_Name:
Roof Gutter, Small, 6 inches wide and smaller

Scenario_Description:
A small roof runoff structure, consisting of gutter(s) equal to or less than 6" wide, downspout(s) 5 inches wide or less, and appropriate outlet facilities. Used to keep roof clean water runoff uncontaminated and provide a stable outlet to ground surface. Facilitates waste management and protects environment by minimizing clean water additions to waste systems and addresses water quality concerns. Associated practices include Waste Storage Facility (313), Composting Facility (317), Heavy Use Area Protection (561), Watering Facility (614), Underground Outlet (620), Diversion (362), and any relevant irrigation practices.

Before:
Applicable where: (1) a roof runoff management facility is included in an overall plan for an overall plan for a waste management system; (2) roof runoff needs to be diverted away from structures or contaminated areas; (3) there is a need to collect, control, and transport runoff from roofs to a stable outlet.

After:
A small gutter, downspout, and outlet system servicing the portion of the building roof that would otherwise drain into a waste management system or create erosion. Roof line of 200 ft serviced with gutter, downspouts, and appurtenances.


Scenario_Description:
A roof runoff structure, consisting of gutter(s), downspout(s), and appropriate outlet facilities. Used to keep roof clean water runoff uncontaminated and provide a stable outlet to ground surface. Facilitates waste management and protects environment by minimizing clean water additions to waste systems and addresses water quality concerns. Associated practices include Waste Storage Facility (313), Composting Facility (317), Heavy Use Area Protection (561), Watering Facility (614), Underground Outlet (620), Diversion (362), and any relevant irrigation practices.

After:
A gutter, downspout, and outlet system servicing the portion of the building roof that would otherwise drain into a waste management system or create erosion. Roof line of 200 ft serviced with gutter, downspouts, and appurtenances.


Scenario_Description:
Existing roof does not have adequate fascia material to support the required roof gutter for a roof runoff structure. Practice installation requires a fascia board, gutter(s), downspout(s), and appropriate outlet facilities. Used to keep roof clean water runoff uncontaminated and provide a stable outlet to ground surface. Facilitates waste management and protects environment by minimizing clean water additions to waste systems and addresses water quality concerns. Associated practices include Waste Storage Facility (313), Composting Facility (317), Heavy Use Area Protection (561), Watering Facility (614), Underground Outlet (620), Diversion (362), and any relevant irrigation practices.

After:
A gutter, downspout, and outlet system servicing the portion of the building roof that would otherwise drain into a waste management system or create erosion. Roof line of 200 ft serviced with gutter, four downspouts, and appurtenances. New 2" x 8" fascia board needed for proper attachment.


Scenario_Name:
Roof Gutter, 6 inches wide with runoff Storage Tank

Scenario_Description:
A roof runoff structure, consisting of gutter(s), downspout(s), and a storage tank. Used to keep roof clean water runoff uncontaminated, provide storage for on-farm use of roof water and a stable outlet for any excess to ground surface in a way that avoids erosion. Facilitates waste management and protects environment by minimizing clean water additions to waste systems and addresses water quality concerns. Associated practices include Waste Storage Facility (313), Composting Facility (317), Heavy Use Area Protection (561), Watering Facility (614), Underground Outlet (620), Diversion (362), and any relevant irrigation practices.

After:
A gutter and downspouts servicing the portion of the building roof that would otherwise drain into a waste management system or create erosion. Roof line of 200 lnft. serviced with gutter, downspouts, and appurtenances. A 1,500 gallon tank is installed for storage and use of roof runoff.


Scenario_Description:
A roof runoff structure, consisting of a concrete curb or parabolic channel installed on existing impervious surface or the ground with appropriate outlet facilities. Environmental/design considerations, for example – snow loads, or a building without proper structural support needed for gutters dictate the use of an on-ground concrete curb. Used to keep roof clean water runoff uncontaminated and provide a stable outlet to ground surface. Facilitates waste management and protects the environment by minimizing clean water additions to waste systems and addresses water quality concerns. Associated practices include Waste Storage Facility (313), Composting Facility (317), Heavy Use Area Protection (561), Underground Outlet (620), and Diversion (362).

After:
A concrete curb or parabolic channel and outlet system servicing the portion of the building roof that would otherwise drain into a waste management system or create erosion. Concrete curb (6" high - 2' wide) extending the length of a 200' roof with additional length (5') for stable outlet.


Scenario_Description:
A roof runoff structure, consisting of a trench filled with rock, with a polyethylene, corrugated, perforated drain tile installed in trench bottom. Used to keep roof clean water runoff uncontaminated and provide a stable outlet to ground surface. Environmental/design considerations, for example – snow loads, or a building without proper structural support needed for gutters dictate the use of a trench drain. Facilitates waste management and protects the environment by minimizing clean water additions to waste systems and addresses water quality concerns. Associated practices include Waste Storage Facility (313), Composting Facility (317), Heavy Use Area Protection (561), Underground Outlet (620), and Diversion (362).

After:
A 2' deep by 3' wide by 200 long deep rock filled, tile drained trench and outlet system servicing the portion of the building roof that would otherwise drain into a waste management system or create erosion.


Scenario_Description:
Newly constructed compacted earth road in relatively level terrain and dry areas. A properly constructed, well defined access road will address resource concerns related with compaction, emissions of fugitive dust, and excessive sediment in surface water. It also improves the plant productivity, vigor and health and substantially reduces the chance of wild fire hazards. Short term air quality deterioration may result if proper dust control measures are not implemented during the practice installation. Costs include excavation, shaping, grading, surface material, vegetation of disturbed areas and all equipment, labor and incidental materials necessary to install the practice.

Before:
An agricultural enterprise which requires, but does not have, a fixed travelway for equipment and vehicles for various resource activities and where use of equipment and vehicles within the enterprise without a defined access road would result in compaction, excessive sediment and turbidity in surface water, reduced visibility, and emissions of fugitive dust. This scenario is applicable where the resource activity areas consist of relatively dry and level terrain lands.

After:
The road will be 14 feet wide at the top, mostly in embankment less than 3 feet in height, (average 2 ft) typical side slopes 2:1. A properly constructed, well defined access road will greatly reduce or eliminate compaction in land use areas where it is harmful, reduce emissions of fugitive dust and also reduce excessive sediment in surface water by reducing uncontrolled sediment transport and improving drainage of irrigated lands. Planned grades will include all dips and water bars. If clearing and grubbing of land in the alignment area is required, use Land Clearing (460). Pipe culverts installed as part of access road should be covered by either Structures for Water Control (587) or Stream Crossings (578) depending on the type of structure. Earthfill embankment above the culvert structure would still be covered by this Practice. Diversions constructed as part of access road should be covered by Diversion (362). All seeding or revegetation of disturbed areas is provided according to Critical Area Planting (342). Dust control must be addressed under Dust Control on Unpaved Roads and Surfaces (373).


Scenario_Name:
New 6 inch gravel road in wet, level terrain

Scenario_Description:
Newly Constructed gravel road with min. 6 inch thick compacted gravel surface in relatively level ground in wet areas. A properly constructed, well defined access road will address resource concerns related with compaction, emissions of fugitive dust, and excessive sediment in surface water. It also improves the plant productivity, vigor and health and substantially reduces the chance of wild fire hazards. Short term air quality deterioration may result if proper dust control measures are not implemented during the practice installation. Costs include excavation, shaping, grading, surface material, vegetation of disturbed areas and all equipment, labor and incidental materials necessary to install the practice.

Before:
An agricultural enterprise which requires, but does not have, a fixed travel way for equipment and vehicles for various resource activities and where use of equipment and vehicles within the enterprise without a defined access road would result in compaction, excessive sediment and turbidity in surface water, reduced visibility, and emissions of fugitive dust. This scenario is applicable where the resource activity areas consist of relatively wet and swampy but level terrain lands.

After:
The road will be 14 feet wide with 6 inch gravel surfacing at the top. It is mostly in embankment less than 3 feet in height, (average 2 ft) typical side slopes 2:1. A properly constructed, well defined access road will greatly reduce sheet, rill and wind erosion, eliminate compaction in land use areas where it is harmful, reduce emissions of particulate matter (PM) and PM precursors and also reduce excessive sediment in surface water by reducing uncontrolled sediment transport. Planned grades will include all dips and water bars. If clearing and grubbing of land in the alignment area is required, use Land Clearing (460). Pipe culverts installed as part of access road should be covered by either Structures for Water Control (587) or Stream Crossings (578) depending on the type of structure. Earthfill embankment above the culvert structure would still be covered by this Practice. Diversions constructed as part of access road should be covered by Diversion (362). All seeding or revegetation of disturbed areas is provided according to Critical Area Planting (342). Dust control must be addressed under Dust Control on Unpaved Roads and Surfaces (373).


Scenario_Name:
Rehabilitation of existing earth road in dry, level terrain

Scenario_Description:
Repair and rehabilitation of compacted earth road in existing alignment in dry, level terrain. The extent of construction work over an existing alignment is assumed to average 20% of the work for a new installation. A properly constructed, well defined access road will address resource concerns related with compaction, emissions of fugitive dust, and excessive sediment in surface water. It also improves the plant productivity, vigor and health and substantially reduces the chance of wild fire hazards. Short term air quality deterioration may result if proper dust control measures are not implemented during the practice installation. Costs include excavation, shaping, grading, surface material, vegetation of disturbed areas and all equipment, labor and incidental materials necessary to install the practice.

Before:
An agricultural enterprise with an existing access road which is beyond its useful lifespan, can no longer be used as intended without rehabilitation. If left in its current condition , it will result in continued compaction, excessive sediment in surface water and emissions of fugitive dusts. This scenario is applicable where the resource activity areas with an existing but dilapidated access road consist of relatively dry and level terrain lands.

After:
The damaged portions of the road will be repaired to a full 14 feet width at the top, mostly in embankment less than 3 feet in height, (average 2 ft), typical side slopes 2:1. A properly repaired access road will greatly reduce or eliminate compaction in land use areas where it is harmful, reduce emissions of fugitive dust and also reduce excessive sediment in surface water by reducing uncontrolled sediment transport and improving drainage of irrigated lands. Planned grades will include all dips and water bars. If clearing and grubbing of land in the alignment area is required, use Land Clearing (460). Pipe culverts installed as part of access road should be covered by either Structures for Water Control (587) or Stream Crossings (578) depending on the type of structure. Earthfill embankment above the culvert structure would still be covered by this Practice. Diversions constructed as part of access road should be covered by Diversion (362). All seeding or revegetation of disturbed areas is provided according to Critical Area Planting (342). Dust control must be addressed under Dust Control on Unpaved Roads and Surfaces (373).


Scenario_Name:
Rehabilitation of existing gravel road in wet, level terrain

Scenario_Description:
Repair and rehabilitation of gravel road with min. 6 inch thick compacted gravel surface on existing alignment in wet, level terrain. The extent of construction work over an existing alignment is assumed to average 20% of the work for a new installation. A properly constructed, well defined access road will address resource concerns related with compaction, emissions of fugitive dust, and excessive sediment in surface water. It also improves the plant productivity, vigor and health and substantially reduces the chance of wild fire hazards. Short term air quality deterioration may result if proper dust control measures are not implemented during the practice installation. Costs include excavation, shaping, grading, surface material, vegetation of disturbed areas and all equipment, labor and incidental materials necessary to install the practice.

Before:
An agricultural enterprise with an existing access road which is beyond its useful lifespan, can no longer be used as intended without rehabilitation. If left in its current condition , it will result in continued compaction, excessive sediment in surface water and emissions of fugitive dusts. This scenario is applicable where the resource activity areas with an existing but dilapidated access road consist of relatively wet and swampy but level terrain lands.

After:
The damaged portions of the road will be repaired to a full 14 feet width with a 6" gravel surface at the top, mostly in embankment less than 3 feet in height, (average 2 ft), typical side slopes 2:1. A properly repaired access road will greatly reduce or eliminate compaction in land use areas where it is harmful, reduce emissions of fugitive dust and also reduce excessive sediment in surface water by reducing uncontrolled sediment transport and improving drainage of irrigated lands. Planned grades will include all dips and water bars. If clearing and grubbing of land in the alignment area is required, use Land Clearing (460). Pipe culverts installed as part of access road should be covered by either Structures for Water Control (587) or Stream Crossings (578) depending on the type of structure. Earthfill embankment above the culvert structure would still be covered by this Practice. Diversions constructed as part of access road should be covered by Diversion (362). All seeding or revegetation of disturbed areas is provided according to Critical Area Planting (342). Dust control must be addressed under Dust Control on Unpaved Roads and Surfaces (373).


Scenario_Description:
Newly constructed compacted earth road in steep sloped terrain but relatively dry areas. A properly constructed, well defined access road will address resource concerns related with compaction, emissions of fugitive dust, and excessive sediment in surface water. It also improves the plant productivity, vigor and health and substantially reduces the chance of wild fire hazards. Short term air quality deterioration may result if proper dust control measures are not implemented during the practice installation. Costs include excavation, shaping, grading, surface material, vegetation of disturbed areas and all equipment, labor and incidental materials necessary to install the practice.

Before:
An agricultural enterprise which requires, but does not have, a fixed travelway for equipment and vehicles for various resource activities and where use of equipment and vehicles within the enterprise without a defined access road would result in compaction, excessive sediment and turbidity in surface water, reduced visibility, and emissions of fugitive dust. This scenario is applicable where the resource activity areas consist of relatively dry lands with steep slopes.

After:
The road will be 14 feet wide at the top, 50% in embankment and 50% in excavation less than 3 feet in height, (average 2 ft) typical cut and fill side slopes 2:1. Out of total excavation, 80% is considered common earth and 20% hard dig or rocks. A properly constructed, well defined access road will greatly reduce or eliminate compaction in land use areas where it is harmful, reduce emissions of fugitive dust and also reduce excessive sediment in surface water by reducing uncontrolled sediment transport and improving drainage of irrigated lands. Planned grades will include all dips and water bars. If clearing and grubbing of land in the alignment area is required, use Land Clearing (460). Pipe culverts installed as part of access road should be covered by either Structures for Water Control (587) or Stream Crossings (578) depending on the type of structure. Earthfill embankment above the culvert structure would still be covered by this Practice. Diversions constructed as part of access road should be covered by Diversion (362). All seeding or revegetation of disturbed areas is provided according to Critical Area Planting (342). Dust control must be addressed under Dust Control on Unpaved Roads and Surfaces (373).


Scenario_Name:
New 6 inch gravel road in wet, sloped terrain

Scenario_Description:
Newly Constructed gravel road with min. 6 inch thick compacted gravel surface in steep sloped ground in wet areas. A properly constructed, well defined access road will address resource concerns related with compaction, emissions of fugitive dust, and excessive sediment in surface water. It also improves the plant productivity, vigor and health and substantially reduces the chance of wild fire hazards. Short term air quality deterioration may result if proper dust control measures are not implemented during the practice installation. Costs include excavation, shaping, grading, surface material, vegetation of disturbed areas and all equipment, labor and incidental materials necessary to install the practice.

Before:
An agricultural enterprise which requires, but does not have, a fixed travelway for equipment and vehicles for various resource activities and where use of equipment and vehicles within the enterprise without a defined access road would result in compaction, excessive sediment and turbidity in surface water, reduced visibility, and emissions of fugitive dust. This scenario is applicable where the resource activity areas consist of wet and swampy land areas with steep sloped terrain.

After:
The road will be 14 feet wide with 6 inch gravel surfacing at the top. It is 50% in embankment and 50% in excavation less than 3 feet in height, (average 2 ft) typical side slopes 2:1. A properly constructed, well defined access road will greatly reduce sheet, rill and wind erosion, eliminate compaction in land use areas where it is harmful, reduce emissions of particulate matter (PM) and PM precursors and also reduce excessive sediment in surface water by reducing uncontrolled sediment transport. Planned grades will include all dips and water bars. If clearing and grubbing of land in the alignment area is required, use Land Clearing (460). Pipe culverts installed as part of access road should be covered by either Structures for Water Control (587) or Stream Crossings (578) depending on the type of structure. Earthfill embankment above the culvert structure would still be covered by this Practice. Diversions constructed as part of access road should be covered by Diversion (362). All seeding or revegetation of disturbed areas is provided according to Critical Area Planting (342). Dust control must be addressed under Dust Control on Unpaved Roads and Surfaces (373).


Scenario_Name:
Rehabilitation of existing earth road in wet, sloped terrain

Scenario_Description:
Repair and rehabilitation of compacted earth road in existing alignment in relatively dry but steep sloped terrain. The extent of construction work over an existing alignment is assumed to average 20% of the work for a new installation. A properly constructed, well defined access road will address resource concerns related with compaction, emissions of fugitive dust, and excessive sediment in surface water. It also improves the plant productivity, vigor and health and substantially reduces the chance of wild fire hazards. Short term air quality deterioration may result if proper dust control measures are not implemented during the practice installation. Costs include excavation, shaping, grading, surface material, vegetation of disturbed areas and all equipment, labor and incidental materials necessary to install the practice.

Before:
An agricultural enterprise with an existing access road which is beyond its useful lifespan, can no longer be used as intended without rehabilitation. If left in its current condition , it will result in continued compaction, excessive sediment in surface water and emissions of fugitive dusts. This scenario is applicable where the resource activity areas with an existing but dilapidated access road consist of relatively dry lands with steep sloped terrain.

After:
The damaged portions of the road will be repaired to a full 14 feet width at the top, 50% in embankment and 50% in excavation less than 3 feet in height, (average 2 ft), typical side slopes 2:1. Out of total excavation, 80% is considered common earth excavation and 20% hard dig or rocks. A properly repaired access road will greatly reduce or eliminate compaction in land use areas where it is harmful, reduce emissions of fugitive dust and also reduce excessive sediment in surface water by reducing uncontrolled sediment transport and improving drainage of irrigated lands. Planned grades will include all dips and water bars. If clearing and grubbing of land in the alignment area is required, use Land Clearing (460). Pipe culverts installed as part of access road should be covered by either Structures for Water Control (587) or Stream Crossings (578) depending on the type of structure. Earthfill embankment above the culvert structure would still be covered by this Practice. Diversions constructed as part of access road should be covered by Diversion (362). All seeding or revegetation of disturbed areas is provided according to Critical Area Planting (342). Dust control must be addressed under Dust Control on Unpaved Roads and Surfaces (373).


Scenario_Name:
Rehabilitation of existing gravel road in wet, sloped terrain

Scenario_Description:
Repair and rehabilitation of gravel road with min. 6 inch thick compacted gravel surface on existing alignment in wet, steep sloped terrain. The extent of construction work over an existing alignment is assumed to average 20% of the work for a new installation. A properly constructed, well defined access road will address resource concerns related with compaction, emissions of fugitive dust, and excessive sediment in surface water. It also improves the plant productivity, vigor and health and substantially reduces the chance of wild fire hazards. Short term air quality deterioration may result if proper dust control measures are not implemented during the practice installation. Costs include excavation, shaping, grading, surface material, vegetation of disturbed areas and all equipment, labor and incidental materials necessary to install the practice.

Before:
An agricultural enterprise with an existing access road which is beyond its useful lifespan, can no longer be used as intended without rehabilitation. If left in its current condition , it will result in continued compaction, excessive sediment in surface water and emissions of fugitive dust. This scenario is applicable where the resource activity areas with an existing but dilapidated access road consist of relatively wet and swampy land with steep sloped terrain.

After:
The damaged portions of the road will be repaired to a full 14 feet width with a 6" gravel surface at the top, 50% in embankment and 50% in excavation less than 3 feet in height, (average 2 ft), typical side slopes 2:1. A properly repaired access road will greatly reduce or eliminate compaction in land use areas where it is harmful, reduce emissions of fugitive dust and also reduce excessive sediment in surface water by reducing uncontrolled sediment transport and improving drainage of irrigated lands. Planned grades will include all dips and water bars. If clearing and grubbing of land in the alignment area is required, use Land Clearing (460). Pipe culverts installed as part of access road should be covered by either Structures for Water Control (587) or Stream Crossings (578) depending on the type of structure. Earthfill embankment above the culvert structure would still be covered by this Practice. Diversions constructed as part of access road should be covered by Diversion (362). All seeding or revegetation of disturbed areas is provided according to Critical Area Planting (342). Dust control must be addressed under Dust Control on Unpaved Roads and Surfaces (373).


Scenario_Name:
Reinforced Concrete with sand or gravel foundation

Scenario_Description:
The stabilization of areas around facilities that are frequently and intensively used by people, animals or vehicles by surfacing with reinforced concrete on a sand or gravel foundation to provide a stable, non-eroding surface. Installation includes all materials, equipment, vegetation of disturbed areas, and labor to install this practice, The stabilized area will address the resource concerns soil erosion and water quality degradation.

Before:
This practice applies to all land uses where frequently and/or intensively used areas require treatment to address soil erosion and water quality degradation.

After:
The stabilized area is surfaced with approximately 630 square feet of approximately 8 cubic yards of welded wire mesh reinforced concrete with 8 cubic yards of sand or gravel foundation material for surfacing areas around facilities that are frequently and intensively used by people, animals or vehicles and will address soil erosion and water quality degradation. All seeding or revegetation of disturbed areas is provided. All needed roads must use Access Road (560). Any needed treatment of stream crossings must use Stream Crossing (578). Any needed vegetation of disturbed areas must use Critical Area Planting (342). Provisions to collect, store, utilize, and or treat contaminated runoff must use Sediment Basin (350), Waste Storage Facility (313), or Waste Treatment (629) as appropriate. To reduce the potential for air quality problems from particulate matter associated with heavy use areas, consider the use of Windbreak/Shelterbelt Establishment (380) or Herbaceous Wind Barriers (603).


Scenario_Description:
The stabilization of areas around facilities that are frequently and intensively used by people, animals or vehicles by surfacing with rock and or gravel on a geotextile fabric foundation to provide a stable, non-eroding surface. Installation includes all materials, equipment, vegetation of disturbed areas and labor to install this practice, The stabilized area will address the resource concerns of soil erosion and water quality degradation.

After:
The stabilized area is surfaced with approximately 630 square feet of rock and or gravel on approximately 70 square yards of geotextile fabric foundation material for surfacing areas around facilities that are frequently and intensively used by people, animals or vehicles and will address soil erosion and water quality degradation. All seeding or revegetation of disturbed areas is provided. All needed roads must use Access Road (560). Any needed treatment of stream crossings must use Stream Crossing (578). Any needed vegetation of disturbed areas must use Critical Area Planting (342). Provisions to collect, store, utilize, and or treat contaminated runoff must use Sediment Basin (350), Waste Storage Facility (313), or Waste Treatment (629) as appropriate. To reduce the potential for air quality problems from particulate matter associated with heavy use areas, consider the use of Windbreak/Shelterbelt Establishment (380) or Herbaceous Wind Barriers (603).


Scenario_Description:
The stabilization of areas around facilities that are frequently and intensively used by people, animals or vehicles by surfacing with rock and or gravel in a cellular containment grid on a geotextile fabric foundation to provide a stable, non-eroding surface. Installation includes all materials, equipment, vegetation of disturbed areas and labor to install this practice. The stabilized area will address the resource concerns of soil erosion and water quality degradation.

After:
The stabilized area is surfaced with approximately 630 square feet of rock and or gravel in approximately 70 square yards of cellular containment grid on approximately 70 square yards of geotextile fabric foundation material for surfacing areas around facilities that are frequently and intensively used by people, animals or vehicles and will address soil erosion and water quality degradation. All seeding or revegetation of disturbed areas is provided. All needed roads must use Access Road (560). Any needed treatment of stream crossings must use Stream Crossing (578). Any needed vegetation of disturbed areas must use Critical Area Planting (342). Provisions to collect, store, utilize, and or treat contaminated runoff must use Sediment Basin (350), Waste Storage Facility (313), or Waste Treatment (629) as appropriate. To reduce the potential for air quality problems from particulate matter associated with heavy use areas, consider the use of Windbreak/Shelterbelt Establishment (380) or Herbaceous Wind Barriers (603).


Scenario_Description:
The stabilization of areas around facilities that are frequently and intensively used by people, animals or vehicles by surfacing with Fly Ash on a geotextile fabric foundation to provide a stable, non-eroding surface. Installation includes all materials, equipment, vegetation of disturbed areas and labor to install this practice. The stabilized area will address the resource concerns of soil erosion and water quality degradation.

After:
The stabilized area is surfaced with approximately 630 square feet of Fly Ash on approximately 70 square yards of geotextile fabric foundation material for surfacing areas around facilities that are frequently and intensively used by people, animals or vehicles and will address soil erosion and water quality degradation. All seeding or revegetation of disturbed areas is provided. All needed roads must use Access Road (560). Any needed treatment of stream crossings must use Stream Crossing (578). Any needed vegetation of disturbed areas must use Critical Area Planting (342). Provisions to collect, store, utilize, and or treat contaminated runoff must use Sediment Basin (350), Waste Storage Facility (313), or Waste Treatment (629) as appropriate. To reduce the potential for air quality problems from particulate matter associated with heavy use areas, consider the use of Windbreak/Shelterbelt Establishment (380) or Herbaceous Wind Barriers (603).


Scenario_Description:
The stabilization of areas around facilities that are frequently and intensively used by people, animals or vehicles by surfacing with bituminous concrete pavement on aggregate gravel foundation to provide a stable, non-eroding surface. Installation includes all materials, equipment, vegetation of disturbed areas and labor to install this practice. The stabilized area will address the resource concerns of soil erosion and water quality degradation.

After:
The stabilized area is surfaced with approximately 630 square feet of bituminous concrete pavement on 8 cubic yards of aggregate gravel material for surfacing areas around facilities that are frequently and intensively used by people, animals or vehicles and will address soil erosion and water quality degradation. All seeding or revegetation of disturbed areas is provided. All needed roads must use Access Road (560). Any needed treatment of stream crossings must use Stream Crossing (578). Any needed vegetation of disturbed areas must use Critical Area Planting (342). Provisions to collect, store, utilize, and or treat contaminated runoff must use Sediment Basin (350), Waste Storage Facility (313), or Waste Treatment (629) as appropriate. To reduce the potential for air quality problems from particulate matter associated with heavy use areas, consider the use of Windbreak/Shelterbelt Establishment (380) or Herbaceous Wind Barriers (603).


Scenario_Name:
Combination, Most common Best Management Practices

Scenario_Description:
This scenario involves installation of silt fence, straw wattles, and straw bales on the construction site as part of one conservation engineering system. The combined system shall include two or more components and will address the resource concerns related with concentrated flow erosion, excessive sediment in surface waters as well as protection of existing inlets and structures depending on the combination.

Before:
The combination scenario is applicable in all construction sites and watersheds including those in the urban and suburban areas. Which component would apply in a particular situation would depend on the site condition, slope etc.

After:
When properly installed, the combination structures slow down runoff flow velocity and reduce high velocity erosion, detain and filter the stormwater runoff and provide a controlled release to the downstream areas. In seeded areas, straw wattles also enable seeds to settle and germinate, aiding the revegetation process. By filtering overland runoff and holding sediment on the slope, Straw Wattles also help to protect lakes, ponds, rivers and streams from sediment pollution. By filtering overland runoff and holding sediment on the slope, straw bales can also help to protect water quality. Silt fence are installed along the downstream perimeter of a construction site to prevent sediment transport off construction areas. A typical silt fence consists of a synthetic filter fabric stretched between a series of fence stakes, with the stakes installed on the downstream side of the perimeter and the fabric trenched into the soil on the upstream side and backfilled. All erosion control blankets and straw mulches will be covered under 484-Mulching. If earthen basins are warranted for water quality improvement or retention/detention purposes, use Sediment Basin (350). If seeding is warranted for water quality and erosion control purposes, all temporary and permanent vegetation will use Critical Area Planting (342).


Scenario_Description:
A spoil pile is spread over a designated area according to an approved plan. The resource concerns are Soil Erosion and Water Quality Degradation.

Before:
Spoil material is available from excavation of channels, drainage ditches, irrigation canals, or other construction sites.

After:
Land has been shaped to the required elevations and grades. Resource concerns have been treated. Associated practices, like critical area planting or irrigation/drainage water management practices, would be contracted separately as needed.


Scenario_Description:
Develop a water source from a natural spring or seep (i.e., spring development) to provide water for livestock and/or wildlife needs. This typical scenario includes excavating and exposing the water source at the spring/seep (typically on a hillside), constructing a water collection structure by installing a 50 ft long, 4 inch diameter HDPE perforated pipe enclosed in a sand/gravel envelope overlaid by 2 ft wide filter fabric (50 ft long) and behind a concrete cutoff wall (6 inch x 4 ft height x 25 ft long) to retain water. Water is directed (via 20 ft long, 4 inch PVC) to a spring box (48 inch diameter x 6 ft long CMP) that is located at the cutoff wall or below the wall, equipped with a watertight lid and two outlets. One outlet serves as overflow pipe to account for occasions where inflow exceeds outflow. The collection system is commonly composed of a single or a network of perforated 4 inch diameter drainage pipe placed in an excavated collection trench that runs across the slope. The outflow pipe from the spring box can be directed to buried large storage (not included), and to a watering facility (not included) for use Resource Concern: Livestock production limitation - Inadequate livestock water. Associated Practices: 516-Livestock Pipeline; 614-Watering Facility; 382-Fence; Critical Area Planting (342).

Before:
Livestock operation with inadequate fresh water for livestock and an on-site undeveloped spring/seep.

After:
Spring development system provides adequate water for the intended use. The system typically runs all year long in most zones.


Scenario_Description:
Develop a water source from a natural spring or seep (i.e., spring development) to provide water for livestock and/or wildlife needs in remote areas typically 50 or more miles from source of equipment and/or materials. This typical scenario includes excavating and exposing the water source at the spring/seep (typically on a hillside), constructing a water collection structure by installing a 50 ft long, 4 inch diameter HDPE perforated pipe enclosed in a sand/gravel envelope overlaid by 2 ft wide filter fabric (50 ft long) and behind a concrete cutoff wall (6 inch x 4 ft height x 25 ft long) to retain water. Water is directed (via 20 ft long, 4 inch PVC) to a spring box (48 inch diameter x 6 ft long CMP) that is located at the cutoff wall or below the wall, equipped with a watertight lid and two outlets. One outlet serves as overflow pipe to account for occasions where inflow exceeds outflow. The collection system is commonly composed of a single or a network of perforated 4 inch diameter drainage pipe placed in an excavated collection trench that runs across the slope. The outflow pipe from the spring box can be directed to buried large storage (not included), and to a watering facility (not included) for use Resource Concern: Livestock production limitation - Inadequate livestock water. Associated Practices: 516-Livestock Pipeline; 614-Watering Facility; 382-Fence; Critical Area Planting (342).


Scenario_Description:
Layout and construct an earth or vegetated trail to facilitate the movement of animals, people, or off-road vehicles to provide or improve access to forage, water, working/handling facilities, and/or shelter, Improve grazing efficiency and distribution, and/or protect ecologically sensitive, erosive and/or potentially erosive sites, pedestrian or off-road vehicle access to agricultural, construction, or maintenance operations, provide trails for recreational activities or access to recreation sites and address the resource concerns of soil erosion and water quality degradation. Costs include excavation, shaping, grading, earth and or vegetated surfaces and all equipment, labor and incidental materials necessary to install the practice.

Before:
This practice applies on all lands where management of animal or human movement is needed to address soil erosion and water quality resource concerns. This practice applies to a trails or walkways constructed for use by off-road vehicles, such as All-Terrain Vehicles or snowmobiles, which are not designed for use on public roads. It does not apply to roads constructed for movement of equipment or vehicles. Use NRCS Conservation Practice Standard Access Road (Code 560).

After:
The typical trail will be a 12 foot wide 300 foot long, 3600 square foot lane of earth and vegetation. All excavation, grading and shaping necessary to provide a smooth permanent travel surface for livestock or people is included. Included is 45 CY of excavation, vegetation of 1800 square foot for surfacing, 1800 square foot of earthen surfacing and vegetation of 900 square foot of disturbed areas. Consider the adequacy of natural surfacing. If the lane requires planting, the vegetation is provided. Where earth and or vegetation is not practical, adequate surface protection is provided under a different scenario. Stream Crossing, Code 578, will be used when the trail or lane crosses streams or shallow water areas. Consider the use of water bars to control and direct water flow in the trail. All culverts will be applied under Structure for Water Control (587). Use Access Road, Code 560 and Diversion (362) as appropriate. Fencing, Code 382, will be used when needed to control animal movement.


Scenario_Description:
Layout and construct an reinforced concrete walkway on a sand foundation to facilitate the movement of animals, people, or off-road vehicles to provide or improve access to forage, water, working/handling facilities, and/or shelter, Improve grazing efficiency and distribution, and/or protect ecologically sensitive, erosive and/or potentially erosive sites, pedestrian or off-road vehicle access to agricultural, construction, or maintenance operations, provide walkways for recreational activities or access to recreation sites and address the resource concerns of soil erosion and water quality degradation. Costs include excavation, shaping, grading, reinforced concrete surfacing, vegetation of disturbed areas, all equipment, labor and incidental materials necessary to install the practice.

After:
The typical walkway will be a 12 foot wide 300 foot long, 3600 square foot of reinforced concrete. All excavation, grading and shaping necessary to provide a smooth permanent travel surface for livestock or people is included. Included is reinforced concrete of 3600 square foot for surfacing, and vegetation of 900 square foot of disturbed areas. The walkway consist of approximately 22 CY of excavation, 45 CY of reinforced concrete with a 45 CY sand foundation. Stream Crossing, Code 578, will be used when the walkway crosses streams or shallow water areas. All culverts will be applied under Structure for Water Control (587). Use Access Road, Code 560 and Diversion (362) as appropriate. Fencing, Code 382, will be used when needed to control animal movement.


Scenario_Description:
Layout and construct a walkway with rock and or gravel on a geotextile fabric foundation surface treatment, to facilitate the movement of animals, people, or off-road vehicles to provide or improve access to forage, water, working/handling facilities, and/or shelter, Improve grazing efficiency and distribution, and/or protect ecologically sensitive, erosive and/or potentially erosive sites, pedestrian or off-road vehicle access to agricultural, construction, or maintenance operations, provide walkways for recreational activities or access to recreation sites and address the resource concerns of soil erosion and water quality degradation. Costs include excavation, shaping, grading, rock and or gravel, geotextile, vegetation of disturbed areas, all equipment, labor and incidental materials necessary to install the practice.

After:
The typical walkway will be a 12 foot wide 300 foot long, 3600 square foot of rock and or gravel on a geotextile fabric foundation surface treatment. All excavation, grading and shaping necessary to provide a smooth permanent travel surface for livestock or people is included. Included is aggregate gravel of 3600 square foot for surfacing, and vegetation of 900 square foot of disturbed areas. The walkway consist of approximately 22 CY of excavation, 45 CY of aggregate gravel on a 400 SY of geotextile fabric foundation. Stream Crossing, Code 578, will be used when the walkway crosses streams or shallow water areas. All culverts will be applied under Structure for Water Control (587). Use Access Road, Code 560 and Diversion (362) as appropriate. Fencing, Code 382, will be used when needed to control animal movement.


Scenario_Name:
Rock/Gravel in GeoCell on Geotextile, Walkway

Scenario_Description:
Layout and construct a walkway with rock and or gravel in a cellular containment grid on a geotextile fabric foundation surface treatment, to facilitate the movement of animals, people, or off-road vehicles to provide or improve access to forage, water, working/handling facilities, and/or shelter, Improve grazing efficiency and distribution, and/or protect ecologically sensitive, erosive and/or potentially erosive sites, pedestrian or off-road vehicle access to agricultural, construction, or maintenance operations, provide walkways for recreational activities or access to recreation sites and address the resource concerns of soil erosion and water quality degradation. Costs include excavation, shaping, grading, rock and or gravel, containment grid, geotextile, vegetation of disturbed areas, all equipment, labor and incidental materials necessary to install the practice.

After:
The typical walkway will be a 12 foot wide 300 foot long, 3600 square foot of rock and or gravel in a cellular containment grid on a geotextile fabric foundation surface treatment. All excavation, grading and shaping necessary to provide a smooth permanent travel surface for livestock or people is included. Included is aggregate gravel of 3600 square foot for surfacing, and vegetation of 900 square foot of disturbed areas. The walkway consist of approximately 22 CY of excavation, 45 CY of aggregate gravel in 400 SY of 4 inch geocell on a 400 SY of geotextile fabric foundation. Stream Crossing, Code 578, will be used when the walkway crosses streams or shallow water areas. All culverts will be applied under Structure for Water Control (587). Use Access Road, Code 560 and Diversion (362) as appropriate. Fencing, Code 382, will be used when needed to control animal movement.


Scenario_Description:
Layout and construct a walkway with Fly Ash on a geotextile fabric foundation surface treatment, to facilitate the movement of animals, people, or off-road vehicles to provide or improve access to forage, water, working/handling facilities, and/or shelter, Improve grazing efficiency and distribution, and/or protect ecologically sensitive, erosive and/or potentially erosive sites, pedestrian or off-road vehicle access to agricultural, construction, or maintenance operations, provide walkways for recreational activities or access to recreation sites and address the resource concerns of soil erosion and water quality degradation. Costs include excavation, shaping, grading, Fly Ash, geotextile, vegetation of disturbed areas, all equipment, labor and incidental materials necessary to install the practice.

After:
The typical walkway will be a 12 foot wide 300 foot long, 3600 square foot of Fly Ash on a geotextile fabric foundation surface treatment. All excavation, grading and shaping necessary to provide a smooth permanent travel surface for livestock or people is included. Included is Fly Ash of 3600 square foot for surfacing, and vegetation of 900 square foot of disturbed areas. The walkway consist of approximately 22 CY of excavation, 45 CY of Fly Ash on a 400 SY of geotextile fabric foundation. Stream Crossing, Code 578, will be used when the walkway crosses streams or shallow water areas. All culverts will be applied under Structure for Water Control (587). Use Access Road, Code 560 and Diversion (362) as appropriate. Fencing, Code 382, will be used when needed to control animal movement.


Scenario_Description:
Layout and construct a bituminous concrete pavement surface treatment on aggregate gravel foundation walkway to facilitate the movement of animals, people, or off-road vehicles to provide or improve access to forage, water, working/handling facilities, and/or shelter, Improve grazing efficiency and distribution, and/or protect ecologically sensitive, erosive and/or potentially erosive sites, pedestrian or off-road vehicle access to agricultural, construction, or maintenance operations, provide walkways for recreational activities or access to recreation sites and address the resource concerns of soil erosion and water quality degradation. Costs include excavation, shaping, grading, bituminous concrete pavement surfacing, vegetation of disturbed areas, all equipment, labor and incidental materials necessary to install the practice.

After:
The typical walkway will be a 12 foot wide 300 foot long, 3600 square foot of bituminous concrete pavement on aggregate gravel foundation. All excavation, grading and shaping necessary to provide a smooth permanent travel surface for livestock or people is included. Included is bituminous concrete pavement of 3600 square foot for surfacing, and vegetation of 900 square foot of disturbed areas. The walkway consist of approximately 22 CY of excavation, 3600 square feet bituminous concrete pavement, with a 45 CY gravel foundation. Stream Crossing, Code 578, will be used when the walkway crosses streams or shallow water areas. All culverts will be applied under Structure for Water Control (587). Use Access Road, Code 560 and Diversion (362) as appropriate. Fencing, Code 382, will be used when needed to control animal movement.


Scenario_Description:
Layout and construct a wood chip surface treatment on a earthen foundation walkway to facilitate the movement of animals, people, or off-road vehicles to provide or improve access to forage, water, working/handling facilities, and/or shelter, Improve grazing efficiency and distribution, and/or protect ecologically sensitive, erosive and/or potentially erosive sites, pedestrian or off-road vehicle access to agricultural, construction, or maintenance operations, provide walkways for recreational activities or access to recreation sites and address the resource concerns of soil erosion and water quality degradation. Costs include excavation, shaping, grading, wood chip surfacing, vegetation of disturbed areas, all equipment, labor and incidental materials necessary to install the practice.

After:
The typical walkway will be a 12 foot wide 300 foot long, 3600 square foot of wood chip surface treatment on earthen foundation. All excavation, grading and shaping necessary to provide a smooth permanent travel surface for livestock or people is included. Included is wood chips of 3600 square foot for surfacing, and vegetation of 900 square foot of disturbed areas. The walkway consist of approximately 22 CY of excavation, 3600 square feet of wood chip surfacing. Stream Crossing, Code 578, will be used when the walkway crosses streams or shallow water areas. All culverts will be applied under Structure for Water Control (587). Use Access Road, Code 560 and Diversion (362) as appropriate. Fencing, Code 382, will be used when needed to control animal movement.


Scenario_Description:
A flexible membrane or fabric-like roof placed on a steel or wood portable frame used to promote animal health where prescribed grazing practices have limited livestock access to shade. Cost estimate is based upon a 10 ft x 20 ft prefab portable structure. Associated practices include Fence (382), Prescribed Grazing (528), and Watering Facility (614).

Before:
Livestock are being managed using a prescribed grazing plan resulting in a lack of shade during the summer months. The livestock are stressed and eat less frequently.

After:
Livestock shade structures are rotated and sized according to NRCS plans and specifications. Livestock access to water, shade, and forage are dispersed to decrease animal stress and promote a better grazing and nutrient spreading.


Scenario_Description:
A flexible membrane or fabric-like roof placed on a steel or wood portable frame used to promote animal health where prescribed grazing practices have limited livestock access to shade. Cost estimate is based upon a 25 ft x 40 ft portable structure. Associated practices include Fence (382), Prescribed Grazing (528), and Watering Facility (614).


Scenario_Name:
Portable Fabricated Wind Shelter, equal to or greater than 8 foot

Scenario_Description:
Portable Livestock Fabricated Wind Shelter is installed to provide protection for livestock. The shelter can be moved around the grazing unit in order to prevent heavy use resource concerns at any one location.

Before:
Herds are held and fed in fragile riparian areas in order to reduce stress on domestic animals from harsh winter conditions and provide protection from wind. The concentration of animals in these areas degrade streambanks, cause excessive sedimentation, damage woody vegetation, overgraze herbaceous vegetation, in addition to degrading water quality through manure deposition and erosion. Resource concerns are water quality, animal health, plant productivity, health, and vigor, and inadequate shelter.

After:
Portable fabricated wind shelters are utilized to provide shelter for livestock in upland grazing areas from the riparian zones. The portable shelters are moved in rotation with feeding areas thereby limiting soil disturbance and reducing the impacts of heavy use at any one location. As a result of implementing this practice, the herd can be moved out of the impacted area and water quality and vegetation health resource concerns will be addressed. A typical portable wind shelter involves a series of steel framed panels faced with corrugated metal. Each unit is approximately 9.5 feet tall and 24 feet long. Four panels (96 - feet) would be utilized to provide shelter to a herd size of 125 animals.


Scenario_Name:
Permanent Fabricated Wind Shelter, equal to or greater than 8 foot

Scenario_Description:
Permanent Livestock Fabricated Wind Shelter is installed to provide protection for livestock.

After:
Permanent fabricated wind shelters are installed in order to provide shelter for livestock in upland grazing areas away from the riparian zones. As a result, animals can be held in an area away from the riparian zone thereby eliminating the impacts to water quality and riparian health. A typical scenario is a Fabricated Wind Shelter installed in association with an animal feeding operation (AFO). The AFO has been moved out of the riparian zone where shelter was previously provided by the surrounding riparian woody vegetation. The AFO has been moved to a location where shelter is not naturally provided and needs to be fabricated. The typical fabrication involves a permanent, wood framed, metal or wood faced, 8.5 - foot high, 200 - foot long, fabricated wind shelter, 80% solid face, secured to the ground with wood posts.


Scenario_Description:
Install a bridge to allow stream flows to cross under access road or animal trail. Bridge opening determined by sizing for storm event dictated in standard. Scenario includes dewatering, abutments, girders, decking. Work consists of site preparation, dewatering, acquiring and installing abutments, girders, decking with necessary hardware, backfilling abutments, and armoring with geotextile and riprap. Riprap and geotextile are used to stabilize and protect abutments as needed. Scenario based on cast in place concrete abutments, steel girders, and timber deck. Travel surface shall be wooden deck surface. If a different travel surface is needed, refer to another appropriate standard for the surfacing. Span is less than 14 feet. Load is H-20. Width is 14 feet including curbs. Abutments are <= 6 feet. Use (396) Aquatic Organism Passage instead, when the primary intent is biological concerns, not hydrologic.

Before:
Water flow could not cross access road or trail without erosion; or access road or trail could not cross channel.

After:
Access and water flow are able to cross each other in a stable manner. Stream flow is not impeded and a stable base exists for equipment, people and/or animals to cross. Associated practices could be (342) Critical Area Planting, (560) Access Road, (575) Animal Trails and Walkways, (566) Recreational Trails and Walkways, (500) Obstruction Removal, or (584) Channel Stabilization.


Scenario_Description:
Stabilize the bottom and slope of a stream channel using rock riprap or cast in place concrete. This scenario includes site preparation, dewatering, acquiring and installing gravel or geotextile with rock riprap or cast in place concrete on channel bottom and approaches. Final travel surface shall be the rocks or concrete. If a different travel surface is needed, refer to another appropriate standard for the surfacing. Typical stream has 30 foot bottom width and approaches. Width is 14 feet for a total area as 420sf. Use (396) Aquatic Organism Passage instead, when the primary intent is biological concerns, not hydrologic.

After:
Stream flow is not impeded and a stable base exists for equipment, people and/or animals to cross. Associated practices could be (342) Critical Area Planting, (560) Access Road, (575) Animal Trails and Walkways, (566) Recreational Trails and Walkways, (500) Obstruction Removal, or (584) Channel Stabilization.


Scenario_Name:
Low water crossing using prefabricated products

Scenario_Description:
To install a stable crossing medium on channel bottom and approaches. Medium includes but not limited to precast concrete blocks, geocells, pavers, and gabions. If a different travel surface is needed, refer to another appropriate standard for the surfacing. Typical stream has 30 foot bottom width and approaches. Width is 14 feet for a total area as 420sf. Use (396) Aquatic Organism Passage instead, when the primary intent is biological concerns, not hydrologic.

After:
Access road and water flow are able to cross each other in a stable manner. Stream flow is not impeded and a stable base exists for equipment, people and/or animals to cross. Associated practices could be (342) Critical Area Planting, (560) Access Road, (575) Animal Trails and Walkways, (566) Recreational Trails and Walkways, (500) Obstruction Removal, or (584) Channel Stabilization.


Practice:
580 - Streambank and Shoreline Protection

Scenario_Description:
Protection of streambanks consisting of conventional plantings of vegetation to stabilize and protect against scour and erosion. The purpose of this practice is to maintain, improve, or restore physical, chemical, and biological functions of a stream to provide diverse aquatic communities to improve habitat for desired aquatic species. Payment cost include shaping bank, critical area vegetation and erosion control fabric; a 6-foot high bank at 3(H):1(V) slope for 1000 linear feet (0.46 acres) is used for estimation purposes. Resource Concerns: Soil Erosion - Excessive Bank Erosion from Streams, Shoreline and Water Conveyance Channels; Water Quality Degradation - Excessive Sediment in Surface Waters; Water Quality Degradation - Elevated Water Temperature; Excess/Insufficient Water - Excessive Sediment in Surface Waters; Inadequate Habitat for Fish and Wildlife- Habitat Degradation. Associated Practices include: 560 - Access Road; 342 - Critical Area Planting; 382 - Fence; 391 - Riparian Forest Buffer; 390 - Riparian Herbaceous Cover; 395 - Stream Habitat Improvement and Management; 614 - Watering Facility; 484-Mulching; 570-Stormwater Runoff Control.

Before:
A stream bisects the agricultural property and has had all of the woody vegetation removed due to overgrazing or human manipulation; the stream has marginally degraded streambanks that are unstable and show signs of active erosion. Soil Erosion: The streambank is unstable. Water Quality Degradation: The sediment load has increased in the stream resulting in elevated water temperatures. Excess/Insufficient Water: The excessive sediment load has reduced the water conveyance capacity, storage capacity and flow within the stream. Inadequate Habitat for Fish and Wildlife: The deficiencies in the stream's habitat limit survival, growth, reproduction, and/or diversity of aquatic organisms within the stream.

After:
The streambank is stable against further erosion and encourages natural sediment transport and deposition. Loss of riparian areas and sediment load is reduced in the stream. For Soil Erosion: The streambank is stable. For Water Quality Degradation: The sediment load has decreased in the stream resulting in improved aquatic habitat. For Excess/Insufficient Water: The water conveyance capacity, storage capacity and flow within the stream has been stabilized. For Inadequate Habitat for Fish and Wildlife: The reduction in the sediment load promotes survival, growth, reproduction, and/or diversity of aquatic organisms within the stream's habitat.

Feature_Measure:
Linear Feet of Streambank/Shoreline Protected


Scenario_Description:
Protection of streambanks consisting of a bioengineered technique comprised of non-structural measures such as earth revetments and benches with vegetative measures to stabilize and protect the streambank against scour and erosion. Soil bioengineering is a system of living plant materials used as structural components. Adapted types of woody vegetation (shrubs and trees) are initially installed in specified configurations that offer immediate soil protection and reinforcement. In addition, soil bioengineering systems create resistance to sliding or shear displacement in a streambank as they develop roots or fibrous inclusions. Environmental benefits derived from woody vegetation include diverse and productive riparian habitats, shade, organic additions to the stream, cover for fish, and improvements in aesthetic value and water quality. Under certain conditions, soil bioengineering installations work well in conjunction with structures to provide more permanent protection and healthy function, enhance aesthetics, and create a more environmentally acceptable product. Soil bioengineering systems normally use unrooted plant parts in the form of cut branches and rooted plants. For streambanks, living systems include brush mattresses, live stakes, joint plantings, vegetated geogrids, branch packing, and live fascines. The purpose of this practice is to maintain, improve, or restore physical, chemical, and biological functions of a stream to provide diverse aquatic communities to improve habitat for desired aquatic species. Payment cost include shaping bank, critical area vegetation, livestake, rootwads and revetments: a 6-foot high bank at 3(H):1(V) slope for 1000 linear feet (0.46 acres) is used for estimation purposes. Resource Concerns: Soil Erosion - Excessive Bank Erosion from Streams, Shoreline and Water Conveyance Channels; Water Quality Degradation - Excessive Sediment in Surface Waters; Water Quality Degradation - Elevated Water Temperature; Excess/Insufficient Water - Excessive Sediment in Surface Waters; Inadequate Habitat for Fish and Wildlife- Habitat Degradation. Associated Practices include: 560 - Access Road; 342 - Critical Area Planting; 382 - Fence; 391 - Riparian Forest Buffer; 390 - Riparian Herbaceous Cover; 395 - Stream Habitat Improvement and Management; 614 - Watering Facility; 484-Mulching; 570-Stormwater Runoff Control.

Before:
A stream bisects the agricultural property and has had all of the woody vegetation removed due to overgrazing or human manipulation; the stream has moderately degraded streambanks that are unstable and show signs of active erosion. Soil Erosion: The streambank is unstable. Water Quality Degradation: The sediment load has increased in the stream resulting in elevated water temperatures. Excess/Insufficient Water: The excessive sediment load has reduced the water conveyance capacity, storage capacity and flow within the stream. Inadequate Habitat for Fish and Wildlife: The deficiencies in the stream's habitat limit survival, growth, reproduction, and/or diversity of aquatic organisms within the stream.


Scenario_Description:
Protection of streambanks using rock riprap structural measures to stabilize and protect banks of streams or excavated channels against scour and erosion. Additional structural measures may also include concrete block, gabions, tree revetments; log, rootwad and boulder revetments; dormant post plantings; piling revetments with wire or geotextile fencing; piling revetments with slotted fencing; jacks or jack fields; rock riprap; stream jetties; and stream barbs. The purpose of this practice is to maintain, improve, or restore physical, chemical, and biological functions of a stream to provide diverse aquatic communities to improve habitat for desired aquatic species. Payment cost include shaping bank, critical area vegetation, geotextile, and rock rip rap; a 6-foot high bank at 3(H):1(V) slope for 1000 linear feet (0.46 acres) is used for estimation purposes. The rock riprap will be 3' thick and 15' long along the prepared bank slope. The total rock riprap quantity will be: 1,000*15*3/27 = 45,000/27 = 1,667 Cubic Yards. The bank above the riprap will be graded to a stable slope and revegetated. Resource Concerns: Soil Erosion - Excessive Bank Erosion from Streams, Shoreline and Water Conveyance Channels; Water Quality Degradation - Excessive Sediment in Surface Waters; Water Quality Degradation - Elevated Water Temperature; Excess/Insufficient Water - Excessive Sediment in Surface Waters; Inadequate Habitat for Fish and Wildlife- Habitat Degradation. Associated Practices include: 560 - Access Road; 342 - Critical Area Planting; 382 - Fence; 391 - Riparian Forest Buffer; 390 - Riparian Herbaceous Cover; 395 - Stream Habitat Improvement and Management; 614 - Watering Facility; 484-Mulching; 570-Stormwater Runoff Control.

Before:
A stream bisects the agricultural property and has had all of the woody vegetation removed due to overgrazing or human manipulation; the stream has severely degraded streambanks that are unstable and show signs of active erosion. Soil Erosion: The streambank is unstable. Water Quality Degradation: The sediment load has increased in the stream resulting in elevated water temperatures. Excess/Insufficient Water: The excessive sediment load has reduced the water conveyance capacity, storage capacity and flow within the stream. Inadequate Habitat for Fish and Wildlife: The deficiencies in the stream's habitat limit survival, growth, reproduction, and/or diversity of aquatic organisms within the stream.

Feature_Measure:
Cubic yard of Structure Placed to protect Streambank/Shoreline


Scenario_Description:
: Protection of streambanks consisting of the installation of root wads, tree trunks, branch packings, live branches with conventional plantings of vegetation to stabilize and protect against scour and erosion. The purpose of this practice is to maintain, improve, or restore physical, chemical, and biological functions of a stream to provide diverse aquatic communities to improve habitat for desired aquatic species. Payment cost include shaping bank, critical area vegetation and wood components consisting of root wads, tree trunks, and an assortment of live branches; a 6-foot high bank at 3(H):1(V) slope for 1000 linear feet (20,038 sq feet) is used for estimation purposes (area computed perpendicular to face of treated bank). Resource Concerns: Soil Erosion - Excessive Bank Erosion from Streams, Shoreline and Water Conveyance Channels; Water Quality Degradation - Excessive Sediment in Surface Waters; Water Quality Degradation - Elevated Water Temperature; Excess/Insufficient Water - Excessive Sediment in Surface Waters; Inadequate Habitat for Fish and Wildlife- Habitat Degradation. Associated Practices include: 560 - Access Road; 342 - Critical Area Planting; 382 - Fence; 391 - Riparian Forest Buffer; 390 - Riparian Herbaceous Cover; 395 - Stream Habitat Improvement and Management; 614 - Watering Facility; 484-Mulching; 570-Stormwater Runoff Control.


Scenario_Description:
This scenario is the construction or improvement of a channel in which water flows with a free surface. Typical construction dimensions are 6' deep x 15' wide bottom x 100' length with a side slope of 2.5:1. The practice is used for the restoration of a natural or artificial channel to improve the process and ecological function in a degraded and eroding stream. Conditions are normal. Normal conditions include: a location easily accessible from a main road, soils without large rock or difficult clay to excavate, and/or other aspects that are average compared to excavation work in the area. This scenario assists in addressing the resource concerns: streambank erosion, sediment deposition, excessive flooding or ponding. Conservation practices that may be associated are: 356-Dike, 587-Structure For Water Control, 533-Pumping Plant, 580 Streambank and Shoreline Protection, 584 Channel Stabilization, 578 Stream Crossing.

Before:
A stream or channel with active streambank erosion or headcuts and inadequate capacity to handle the flow needed for flood prevention, drainage or erosion prevention.

After:
An earthen channel was excavated to allow unrestricted flow of water and to stabilize the bottom and side slopes. Flooding and erosion is no longer a resource concern.


Scenario_Description:
This scenario is the construction or improvement of a channel in which water flows with a free surface. Typical construction dimensions are 6' deep x 15' wide bottom x 100' length with a side slope of 2.5:1. The practice is used for the restoration of a natural or artificial channel to improve the process and ecological function in a degraded and eroding stream. Conditions are difficult. Difficult conditions include: a location that requires a significant drive off the main road, soils with large rock or difficult clay to excavate, and/or other aspects that create difficulty in excavation compared to similar work in the area. Construction may include vegetation and/or a lightly armored bank toe. This scenario assists in addressing the resource concerns: streambank erosion, sediment deposition, excessive flooding or ponding. Conservation practices that may be associated are: 356-Dike, 587-Structure For Water Control, 533-Pumping Plant, 580 Streambank and Shoreline Protection, 584 Channel Stabilization, 578 Stream Crossing.


Scenario_Description:
This scenario is the construction or improvement of a channel in which water flows with a free surface. Typical construction dimensions are 6' deep x 15' wide bottom x 100' length with a side slope of 2.5:1. Excavation and earth fill is required. The practice is used for the restoration of a natural or artificial channel to improve the process and ecological function in a degraded and eroding stream. Conditions are normal. Normal conditions include: a location easily accessible from a main road, soils without large rock or difficult clay to excavate, and/or other aspects that are average compared to excavation work in the area. This scenario assists in addressing the resource concerns: streambank erosion, sediment deposition, excessive flooding or ponding. Conservation practices that may be associated are: 356-Dike, 587-Structure For Water Control, 533-Pumping Plant, 580 Streambank and Shoreline Protection, 584 Channel Stabilization, 578 Stream Crossing.

After:
An earthen channel was excavated to allow unrestricted flow of water and to stabilize the bottom and side slopes. Some fill was used to complete the channel shape. Flooding and erosion is no longer a resource concern.


Scenario_Name:
excavation and fill, difficult conditions

Scenario_Description:
This scenario is the construction or improvement of a channel in which water flows with a free surface. Typical construction dimensions are 6' deep x 15' wide bottom x 100' length with a side slope of 2.5:1. The practice is used for the restoration of a natural or artificial channel to improve the process and ecological function in a degraded and eroding stream. Excavation and earth fill is required. Conditions are difficult. Difficult conditions include: a location that requires a significant drive off the main road, soils with large rock or difficult clay to excavate, and/or other aspects that create difficulty in excavation compared to similar work in the area. Construction may include vegetation and/or a lightly armored bank toe. This scenario assists in addressing the resource concerns: streambank erosion, sediment deposition, excessive flooding or ponding. Conservation practices that may be associated are: 356-Dike, 587-Structure For Water Control, 533-Pumping Plant, 580 Streambank and Shoreline Protection, 584 Channel Stabilization, 578 Stream Crossing.


Scenario_Description:
Stabilize the bottom and slope of a stream channel using bioengineering methods. Bio-engineering methods include live stakes, fascines, plantings, bare root stock, willow waddles, and live stakes. Re-vegetation of exposed surfaces will be completed using 342 - Critical Area Planting. Typical stream has 50 foot bottom width and 6 foot banks. Length of area 100 feet. Planting entire area at a 2x2 grid with live stakes, potted plants, and bare root mix

Before:
Bed of an existing or newly constructed alluvial or threshold channel is undergoing damaging aggradation or degradation. Stream cannot be feasibly controlled with clearing and snagging, vegetation, bank protection or upstream water control. Soil Erosion: The stream is unstable. Water Quality Degradation: The sediment load has increased in the stream resulting in elevated water temperatures. Excess/Insufficient Water: The excessive sediment load has reduced the water conveyance capacity, storage capacity and flow within the stream. Inadequate Habitat for Fish and Wildlife: The deficiencies in the stream's habitat limit survival, growth, reproduction, and/or diversity of aquatic organisms within the stream.

After:
Stream channel is stable and vegetated. Other associated practices could be (326) Clearing and Snagging, (396 ) Aquatic Organism Passage, (395) Stream Habitat Improvement and Management, (580) Streambank and Shoreline Protection, or (587) Structure for Water Control. For Soil Erosion: The streambank is stable. For Water Quality Degradation: The sediment load has decreased in the stream resulting in improved aquatic habitat. For Excess/Insufficient Water: The water conveyance capacity, storage capacity and flow within the stream has been stabilized. For Inadequate Habitat for Fish and Wildlife: The reduction in the sediment load promotes survival, growth, reproduction, and/or diversity of aquatic organisms within the stream's habitat.


Scenario_Description:
Stabilize the bottom and slope of a stream channel using rock riprap or engineered products that consist primarily of rock or concrete. This includes but not limited to gabions, rock veins, rock weirs, concrete blocks, etc. Typical stream has 50 foot bottom width and 6 foot banks. Length of area 100 feet. Based on degrading channel that needs to be riprapped its entire wetted perimeter.

Before:
Bed of an existing or newly constructed alluvial or threshold channel is undergoing damaging aggradation or degradation. Changes cannot be controlled feasibly with clearing and snagging, vegetation, bank protection or upstream water control. Soil Erosion: The stream is unstable. Water Quality Degradation: The sediment load has increased in the stream resulting in elevated water temperatures. Excess/Insufficient Water: The excessive sediment load has reduced the water conveyance capacity, storage capacity and flow within the stream. Inadequate Habitat for Fish and Wildlife: The deficiencies in the stream's habitat limit survival, growth, reproduction, and/or diversity of aquatic organisms within the stream.

After:
Stream channel is stable. Re-vegetation of exposed surfaces will be completed using 342 - Critical Area Planting. Other associated practices could be (326) Clearing and Snagging, (396 ) Aquatic Organism Passage, (395) Stream Habitat Improvement and Management, (580) Streambank and Shoreline Protection, or (587) Structure for Water Control. For Soil Erosion: The streambank is stable. For Water Quality Degradation: The sediment load has decreased in the stream resulting in improved aquatic habitat. For Excess/Insufficient Water: The water conveyance capacity, storage capacity and flow within the stream has been stabilized. For Inadequate Habitat for Fish and Wildlife: The reduction in the sediment load promotes survival, growth, reproduction, and/or diversity of aquatic organisms within the stream's habitat.


Scenario_Description:
Stabilize the bottom and slope of a stream channel using engineered structures consisting primarily of wood. This includes but not limited to toe wood, log weirs, log vanes, root wads, log step pools, etc. Re-vegetation of exposed surfaces will be completed using 342 - Critical Area Planting. Typical stream has 50 foot bottom width and 6 foot banks. Length of area 100 feet. Structures spaced at 50 foot intervals.


Scenario_Description:
This scenario describes the implementation of a strip cropping system that is designed specifically for the control of wind and water erosion or minimizing the transport of sediments or other water borne contaminants originating from runoff on cropland. The planned strip cropping system will meet the current 585 standard. Implementation will result in alternating strips of erosion susceptible crops with erosion resistant crops that are oriented as close to perpendicular to water flows as possible. The designed system will reduce erosion/sediment/contaminants to desired objectives. The scenario includes the costs of designing the system, installing the strips on the landscape appropriately, and integrating a crop rotation that includes water erosion resistant species.

Before:
In this geographic area, excessive water erosion is caused by raising crops in a manner that allows sheet water flows to travel down the slope causing sheet and rill erosion or concentrated flow conditions, degradation of soil health through loss of topsoil and organic matter, along with offsite negative impacts to water quality and aquatic wildlife habitat.

After:
A strip cropping system that includes at least two or more strips within the planning slope will be designed to include parallel strips of approximately equal widths of water erosion resistant crop species with non-water erosion resistant crop species. Widths will be determined using current water erosion prediction technology to meet objectives. The design and implementation of a stripcropping system will minimize wind, sheet and rill erosion, protect soil quality, reduce offsite sedimentation, and benefit offsite aquatic wildlife habitat. Erosion prediction before and after practice application will be recorded showing the design and benefits of the practice. Erosion resistant strips in rotation must be managed to maintain the planned vegetative cover and surface roughness.


Scenario_Description:
A Flashboard Riser fabricated of metal and used in a water management system that maintains a desired water surface elevation, controls the direction or rate of flow, or conveys water to address the resource concerns: Inadequate Water - Inefficient use of Irrigation Water and Inadequate habitat for Fish and Wildlife. The water surface elevation is controlled by addition or removal of slats or "stoplogs". This scenario is applicable to variable crest weir structures where the elevation is controlled at the inlet (Half-Rounds). They are often fabricated from half pipes (i.e. half-rounds) or sheet steel in a box shape. Payment rate is based upon the Flashboard Weir Length in inches multiplied by the outlet length in feet (Inch-Foot). Cost estimate is based on a "Half-Round" flashboard riser shop fabricated using a longitudinal cut 36" smooth steel pipe, a 50' long - 30" outlet pipe passing through an embankment.

Before:
The operator presently flood irrigates his field and has no means to accurately maintain a constant water level at varying elevations resulting in a lack of flexibility, and inefficient use of water and energy during pumping. The operator also desires to maintain a permanent pool for water fowl during the winter.

After:
The operator has the capability to more efficiently control and maintain a range of water surface elevations thereby reducing the flow rate needed. Less water is wasted and both water and energy is conserved. The operator is now able to maintain adequate water during the winter as a benefit to waterfowl. Any needed re-vegetation of disturbed areas use Critical Area Planting (342). Other associated practices such as; Irrigation Water Management (449), Irrigation Land Leveling (464), Irrigation Canal or Lateral (320), Irrigation System, Tailwater Recovery (447), Dike (356), and Grade Stabilization Structure (410) will use the corresponding Standard(s) as appropriate.

Feature_Measure:
Flashboard Weir Length (in) x barrel Length (ft)


Scenario_Description:
A Flashboard Riser fabricated of metal and used in a water management system that maintains a desired water surface elevation, controls the direction or rate of flow, or conveys water to address the resource concerns: Inadequate Water - Inefficient use of Irrigation Water and Inadequate habitat for Fish and Wildlife. The water surface elevation is controlled by addition or removal of slats or "stoplogs". This scenario is applicable to variable crest weir structures where the elevation is controlled at the embankment. They are often fabricated from vertical pipes with the stoplogs are located in the middle (i.e. Full-Rounds) or sheet steel in a box shape. Payment rate is based upon the Flashboard Weir Length in inches multiplied by the outlet length in feet (Inch-Foot). Cost estimate is based on a "Half-Round" flashboard riser shop fabricated using a longitudinal cut 36" smooth steel pipe, a 50' long - 30" outlet pipe passing through an embankment.

Feature_Measure:
Flashboard Weir Length (in) x Barrel Length (ft)


Scenario_Description:
An Inline Water Control Structure (WCS) composed of plastic that maintains a desired water surface elevation, controls the direction or rate of flow, or conveys water to address the resource concern: Inadequate habitat for Fish and Wildlife. The water surface elevation is controlled by addition or removal of slats or "stoplogs". This scenario is applicable to variable crest weir structures where the elevation is controlled at point along a pipe extending through an embankment, providing ease of access to the structure and provide better protection against beaver activity. There are commercially available models composed of plastic that are commonly used when the width of the is 24" or less. Payment rate is based upon the Flashboard Weir Length in inches multiplied by the outlet length in feet (Inch-Foot). Cost estimate is based on a using a such a commercial product. The typical scenario is an inline structure with a width of 20", height of six feet, The pipe is 50' of 15" SCH 40 PVC (inlet and outlet combined).

Before:
The landowner wishes to provide for a way to control the water surface elevation in a wetland area. The landowner wishes to enhance and enlarge the area to provide habitat for fish and wildlife.

After:
A WCS is installed in a flow line allowing shallow water impoundments. A wetland area is enhanced and water levels can be varied to better accommodate wildlife needs. Any needed re-vegetation of disturbed areas use Critical Area Planting (342). Other associated practices such as; Wetland Creation (658), Wetland Enhancement (659) Wetland Wildlife Habitat Management (644), Dike (356), and Grade Stabilization Structure (410) will use the corresponding Standard(s) as appropriate.


Scenario_Description:
Install a new HDPE culvert under 30 inches in diameter to convey water under roads or other barriers. A typical scenario would be an 24 inch diameter pipe, 40 feet in length. Work includes site preparation, acquiring and installing culvert pipe with gravel bedding and fill (compacted), and riprap protection of side slopes. Use (396) Aquatic Organism Passage when the primary intent is biological concerns, not hydrologic. Use (578) Stream Crossing for culverts ≥ 30 inches or perennial flow.

Before:
Water flow needs to be conveyed under an access road, ditch or other barrier. Water must be conveyed in a controlled fashion.

After:
Water is conveyed in a controlled manner. Associated practices could be Access Road (560), Animal Trails and Walkways (575), Critical Area Planting (342), Drainage Water Management (554), Irrigation Canal or Lateral (320), Irrigation Pipeline (430), Irrigation Reservoir (436), Irrigation System, Surface and Subsurface (443), Irrigation System, Tailwater Recovery (447), Irrigation Water Management (449), Lined Waterway or Outlet (468), Obstruction Removal (500), Pond (378), Stormwater Runoff Control (570), Surface Drain, Field Ditch (607), Surface Drain, Main or Lateral (608), and Trails and Walkways (568).


Scenario_Description:
Install a new Corrugated Metal Pipe (CMP) culvert under 30 inches in diameter to convey water under roads or other barriers. A typical scenario would be an 24 inch diameter pipe, 40 feet in length. Work includes site preparation, acquiring and installing culvert pipe with gravel bedding and fill (compacted), and riprap protection of side slopes. Use (396) Aquatic Organism Passage when the primary intent is biological concerns, not hydrologic. Use (578) Stream Crossing instead for culverts ≥ 30 inches or perennial flow.


Scenario_Description:
This scenario is the installation of a permanent slide gate structure to control the conveyance of water. The typical size is a 10" diameter opening. The slide gate may be installed on an open channel or pipeline. The slide gate is made of steel and has a hand operated mechanical lifting system. This scenario assists in addressing the resource concerns: water management. Conservation practices that may be associated are: 533-Pumping Plant.

Before:
A channel or pipeline is in need of a head gate to control the flow of water.

After:
A 10" hand operated slide gate is installed.


Scenario_Description:
Typical setting is in a stream that has at minimum unstable banks, limited fish habitat, degraded bed, or any combination of the undesirable features.. Typical installation consists of installing a cross vane shaped rock structures with points facing upstream for the purpose of raising the water surface profile, stabilizing the stream bed, or creating fish habitat, and, or installing rock structures along the banks to provide bank stability and/or fish habitat. Cost estimate is for three check dams with a top width of 3', max height of 6', min height of 3', and 28' length; containing an average of 58 cubic yards or 29 tons of rock for a total of 87 tons. The check dams are underlain with geotextile fabric. Disturbed areas are protected with permanent vegetative cover. Addresses resource concerns such as water quality degradation and soil erosion-concentrated flow erosion.

Before:
The stream presently is incised with near vertical banks caused by bank toe erosion and sloughing. This condition has caused the floodplains to be disconnected from the stream, with only floods well above normal high-water escaping the high banks of the stream.

After:
Banks are stabilized, and pools are created raising the Water Surface Profile elevation and effectively reducing the slope. Riffle pool scheme is restored and banks are protected. Water quality is protected downstream due to erosion protection, and wetland features are restored in the floodplain. Any needed re-vegetation of disturbed areas use Critical Area Planting (342). Other associated practices such as; Streambank and Shoreline Protection (580), Channel Bed Stabilization (584), Stream Habitat Improvement and Management (395), and Wetland Wildlife Habitat Management (644) will use the corresponding Standard(s) as appropriate.


Scenario_Description:
This scenario is the installation of a water tight screw gate to control water involving a variety of water control structures. Cost includes all labor and materials needed to install gate onto a pipe or water control structure.

Before:
Water needs to be controlled in a more desirable manner. The gate will be installed to control water flow for irrigation systems.

After:
The gates will play an integral role in application of more efficient irrigation water delivery and on farm systems.


Scenario_Description:
A HDPE pipe equipped with a slide gate diverts water from a ditch or canal into a field or field ditch. This scenario is for a 15 inch diameter gate and pipe that will transmit approximately 4 cfs of flow.

Before:
A ditch or canal exists, but a means to move water from the ditch into a smaller ditch or field does not exist. A water supply of sufficient quantity and quality is available for irrigation.

After:
Water is diverted from a canal or ditch to meet irrigation requirements. A 15 inch diameter HDPE pipe is installed through the canal containment dike. A 15 inch diameter slide gate is attached to the upstream end of the pipe. The top of the pipe inlet is below canal water surface elevation.


Scenario_Description:
A corrugated metal pipe (CMP) equipped with a slide gate diverts water from a ditch or canal into a field or field ditch. This scenario is for a 15 inch diameter gate and pipe that will transmit approximately 4 cfs of flow.

After:
Water is diverted from a canal or ditch to meet irrigation requirements. A 15 inch diameter CMP is installed through the canal containment dike,. A 15 inch diameter slide gate is attached to the upstream end of the pipe. The top of the pipe inlet is below canal water surface elevation.


Scenario_Description:
A reinforced concrete structure designed to measure, divide, deliver and/or control water level efficiently.

Before:
Current water control structure is either non-existent, inefficient or not controlling water in an efficient or desired manner. A water supply of sufficient quantity and quality is available for the desired use.

After:
Water is controlled efficiently for desired use. All footings, floors. and walls have a minimum thickness of six inches.


Scenario_Description:
A reinforced concrete turnout structure equipped with slide boards or panels diverts irrigation water from a ditch or canal into a field, field ditch, or irrigation pipeline. This scenario is for a five ft tall, four foot wide, and 10 foot long turnout structure.

After:
Water is diverted from a canal or ditch to meet irrigation requirements. A 4 foot wide and 5 foot tall turnout structure equipped with slots for slide boards and panels, and a trash screen/rack conducts water through the canal berm into a field. The concrete structure is 10 feet long and has a water measuring device. All footings, floors. and walls have a minimum thickness of six inches. The structure delivers water to field elevation or ditch bottom elevation. The top of the pipe inlet is below canal water surface elevation.


Scenario_Description:
A reinforced concrete turnout structure equipped with slide boards or panels diverts irrigation water from a ditch or canal into a field, field ditch, or irrigation pipeline. This scenario is for a five ft tall, 15 feet wide, and 10 foot long turnout structure. High flow is equal or greater than 14 cfs.

After:
Water is diverted from a canal or ditch to meet irrigation requirements. A 15 foot wide and 5 foot tall turnout structure equipped with jack gates, and a concrete block energy dissipater as part of the apron. The concrete structure is 10 feet long and has a water measuring device. All footings, floors. and walls have a minimum thickness of six inches. The structure delivers water to field elevation or ditch bottom elevation. The top of the pipe inlet is below canal water surface elevation.


Scenario_Description:
Permanently installed water flow meter with mechanical, cumulative volume and rate index. Meters can be any flow measurement device that meets CPS 433, (i.e. meters: turbine, propeller, acoustic, magnetic, venturi, orifice, etc.) with or without straightening vanes. Resource Concerns: Insufficient Water - Inefficient use of irrigation water, and Degraded Plant Condition - Undesirable plant productivity and health, and Inefficient Energy Use - Equipment and facilities Associated Practices: 533-Pumping Plant, 449-Irrigation Water Management, 441-Irrigation System, Microirrigation, 443-Irrigation System Surface and Subsurface, 442-Irrigation System, Sprinkler, 328-Conservation Crop Rotation, 634-Waste Transfer, and 590-Nutrient Management.

Before:
Producer estimates seasonal and individual irrigation application flow rate and volumes based on energy costs, system operating pressure, or other means.

After:
Producer is able to access instantaneous rate and cumulative flow volume data at the meter location. The information gained will enable the irrigator to improve irrigation water management, recognize system performance issues before they become critical, and reduce energy use.


Scenario_Description:
Permanently installed water flow meter with an electronic index . Meters can be any flow measurement device that meets CPS 433, (i.e., meters: turbine, propeller, acoustic, magnetic, venturi, orifice, etc.) with or without straightening vanes or data logging capability. Meter nominal diameter for insert type turbine meters will be installation pipe size. Typical installation would include installation of a 10 inch turbine flow meter, with electronic index output. Resource Concerns: Insufficient Water - Inefficient use of irrigation water, and Degraded Plant Condition - Undesirable plant productivity and health, and Inefficient Energy Use - Equipment and facilities Associated Practices: 533-Pumping Plant, 449-Irrigation Water Management, 441-Irrigation System, Microirrigation, 443-Irrigation System Surface and Subsurface, 442-Irrigation System, Sprinkler, 328-Conservation Crop Rotation, 634-Waster Transfer, and 590-Nutrient Management.


Scenario_Description:
Fabricating steel into water controls structures, weir plates, trash racks, measuring flumes etc.

Before:
Current water control structures are either non-existent, inefficient or not controlling water in an efficient or desired manner. A water supply of sufficient quantity and quality is available for the desired use.

After:
Water is measured and controlled efficiently for desired use.


Scenario_Description:
Clean trash. debris and sediment from water to be used for irrigation.

Before:
Dirty water inhibits desired use of water in various irrigation systems.

After:
Water is cleaned and enables design and application of high efficiency irrigation systems.


Scenario_Description:
Construction of a sheet piling structure to divert or control water in streams and other water courses.

Before:
Unable to divert water from a water course into irrigation system.

After:
Able to consistently divert desired amount of water into irrigation system.


Scenario_Description:
The use of surge valves with controllers to efficiently apply water to cropland.

Before:
In-efficient or less efficient irrigation system in place before surge system applied./

After:
Irrigation efficiency and uniformity is improved.


Scenario_Name:
Flow Meter with Electronic Index & Telemetry

Scenario_Description:
Permanently installed water flow meter with an electronic flow rate and volume index and data telemetry transmission system. Meters can be any flow measurement device that meets CPS 433, (i.e. meters: turbine, propeller, acoustic, magnetic, venturi, orifice, etc.) with or without straightening vanes. Meter nominal diameter for insert type turbine meters will be installation pipe size. Typical installation would include installation of a 10 inch magnetic flow meter, with electronic index output and telemetry data transfer system for monitoring irrigation system flow rate. Resource Concerns: Insufficient Water - Inefficient use of irrigation water, and Degraded Plant Condition - Undesirable plant productivity and health, and Inefficient Energy Use - Equipment and facilities Associated Practices: 533-Pumping Plant, 449-Irrigation Water Management, 441-Irrigation System, Microirrigation, 443-Irrigation System Surface and Subsurface, 442-Irrigation System, Sprinkler, 328-Conservation Crop Rotation, 634-Waste Transfer, and 590-Nutrient Management.

After:
Producer is able to access instantaneous rate and cumulative flow volume data from a personal computer or cell phone at any time. The information gained will enable the irrigator to improve irrigation water management, recognize system performance issues before they become critical, and reduce energy use.


Scenario_Description:
Constructing treated or red wood water controls structures.


Scenario_Name:
Large, in-stream, Concrete Irrigation Water Diversion Structure

Scenario_Description:
Typical setting is in a stream or irrigation canal. Typical installation consists of installing a rectangular shaped concrete structure for the purpose of raising the water surface profile. Cost estimate is for one structure with a effective width of 75', and total length of 20', effective height of 3', max height of 6', and 12" thick walls and floor; containing 245 cubic yards of Concrete. Disturbed areas are protected with permanent vegetative cover. Addresses resource concerns such as water quantity, water quality degradation, soil erosion-concentrated flow erosion, and fish and recreation passage.

Before:
The stream presently is annually manipulated with heavy equipment to maintain a water surface elevation allowing diversion of irrigation water. This condition has caused the degradation of the stream bed, excessive erosion and sediment deposition down stream, disruption of fish migration, with only floods well above normal high-water escaping the high banks of the stream. Excessive maintenance costs to maintain water levels occur annually.

After:
Banks are stabilized, and the water surface elevation is easily maintained. Water quality is protected downstream due to erosion protection, fish migration is accomplished, and annual maintenance costs are reduced. Any needed re-vegetation of disturbed areas use Critical Area Planting (342). Other associated practices such as; Streambank and Shoreline Protection (580) Channel Bed Stabilization (584), Stream Habitat Improvement and Management (395), and Wetland Wildlife Habitat Management (644) will use the corresponding Standard(s) as appropriate.


Scenario_Description:
The installation of an inline pressure regulator in order to regulate the internal water pressure in an irrigation pipeline including thrust blocks, air vents, isolation valves. Conversion from typical buried to steel pipe to above ground installation is necessary for operation and maintenance. Reinforced concrete pad is required to anchor all installed items.

Before:
Pressure in irrigation pipeline is not regulated and can vary with the flow rate. Excessively high pressures can develop that decrease effective irrigation water management and operation of the pipeline system. Flow distribution is uneven.

After:
Constant pressure at a predefined, safe level can be maintained. Water management, distribution can be maintained at a constant level.


Scenario_Description:
Install a new HDPE culvert greater than or equal to 30 inches in diameter to convey water under roads or other barriers. A typical scenario would be an 36 inch diameter pipe, 40 feet in length. Work includes site preparation, acquiring and installing culvert pipe with gravel bedding and fill (compacted), and riprap protection of side slopes. Use (396) Aquatic Organism Passage when the primary intent is biological concerns, not hydrologic.


Scenario_Description:
Install a new CMP culvert greater than or equal to 30 inches in diameter to convey water under roads or other barriers. A typical scenario would be an 36 inch diameter pipe, 40 feet in length. Work includes site preparation, acquiring and installing culvert pipe with gravel bedding and fill (compacted), and riprap protection of side slopes. Use (396) Aquatic Organism Passage when the primary intent is biological concerns, not hydrologic.


Scenario_Description:
The use of alfalfa or orchard valves ranging from 6" to 14" diameter to deliver water from an irrigation pipeline to a field. The use of inline valves to distribute water within an irrigation pipeline system more efficiently. The use of a chemigation valve to add chemicals to an irrigation system to meet crop requirement needs.

Before:
Irrigation efficiency and delivery from earthen ditch to field are low.

After:
Irrigation efficiency and distribution are improved.


Scenario_Description:
The use of inline valves less than 12" diameter to regulate and control water in a high pressure irrigation pipeline to a field. The use of inline valves to distribute water within an irrigation pipeline system more efficiently to meet crop requirement needs.


Scenario_Description:
Inline Valve greater than or equal to 12"

Before:
The use of inline valves greater than or equal to 12" diameter to regulate and control water in a high pressure irrigation pipeline to a field. The use of inline valves to distribute water within an irrigation pipeline system more efficiently to meet crop requirement needs.

After:
Irrigation efficiency and delivery from earthen ditch to field are low.

Feature_Measure:
Irrigation efficiency and distribution are improved.


Scenario_Description:
The use of chemigation valves less than 12" diameter to regulate and control injection of chemicals into irrigation systems.


Scenario_Name:
Cross Wind Trap Strips, Native Perennials

Scenario_Description:
This scenario describes the implementation of cross wind trap strips with native perennial grasses and/or legumes for one or more of the following purposes: 1) to reduce soil erosion by wind, 2) reduce wind-borne sediment deposition, 3) induce snow deposition to improve soil moisture, 4) protect sensitive crops from wind-borne soil particulate damage, and 5) improve air quality by reducing airborne particulate matter. In this resource setting, cropland fields are unprotected against the erosive forces of wind that cause soil loss, damage to crop seedlings, sediment deposition and/or poor air quality. The scenario is based on the acres of strips established.

Before:
Typically, cropland fields 80 acres in size and larger, have excessive soil disturbance and unsheltered distances that result in excessive wind erosion that damage soil quality as well as reduce air quality. Depending on the time of year, soil condition, and stage of crop growth, wind velocities may cause sandblasting or covering up of newly planted seedlings, increase off-site damage due to soil deposition, or reduce air quality by the generation of airborne particulate matter. The cropping system coupled with intensive tillage provide an environment where wind erosion occurs at rates over tolerable soil and/or sensitive crop limits as outlined in the National Agronomy Manual. Typically the strips occupy about 7-10% of the area.

After:
Implementation Requirements will be prepared for the site and implemented according the Cross Wind Trap Strips (589C) standard. Appropriate orientation and width of trap strips will be determined using current WEPS (Wind Erosion Prediction System) technology. The planned trap strip system will meet appropriate criteria for the resource concern (i.e. stand erect during the design critical period, be placed upwind for snow accumulation or protection of sensitive crops, meet the minimum height criteria, etc.). For this scenario, the strips will consist of native perennial species, generally placed across an entire field. Implementation will reduce soil loss to a tolerable level. The scenario includes costs associated with the establishment of the trap strips.


Scenario_Name:
Cross Wind Trap Strips, Introduced Perennials

Scenario_Description:
This scenario describes the implementation of cross wind trap strips with introduced perennial grasses and/or legumes for one or more of the following purposes: 1) to reduce soil erosion by wind, 2) reduce wind-borne sediment deposition, 3) induce snow deposition to improve soil moisture, 4) protect sensitive crops from wind-borne soil particulate damage, and 5) improve air quality by reducing airborne particulate matter. In this resource setting, cropland fields are unprotected against the erosive forces of wind that cause soil loss, damage to crop seedlings, sediment deposition and/or poor air quality. The scenario is based on the acres of strips established.

Before:
Typically, cropland fields 80 acres in size and larger, have excessive soil disturbance and unsheltered distances that result in excessive wind erosion that damage soil quality as well as reduce air quality. Depending on the time of year, soil condition, and stage of crop growth, wind velocities may cause sandblasting or covering up of newly planted seedlings, increase off-site damage due to soil deposition, or reduce air quality by the generation of airborne particulate matter. The cropping system coupled with intensive tillage provide an environment where wind erosion occurs at rates over tolerable soil and/or sensitive crop limits as outlined in the National Agronomy Manual. Typically the strips occupy about 7-10 % of the area.

After:
Implementation Requirements will be prepared for the site and implemented according the Cross Wind Trap Strips (589C) standard. Appropriate orientation and width of trap strips will be determined using current WEPS (wind erosion prediction system) technology. The planned trap strip system will meet appropriate criteria for the resource concern (i.e. stand erect during the design critical period, be placed upwind for snow accumulation or protection of sensitive crops, meet the minimum height criteria, etc.). For this scenario, the strips will consist of introduced perennial species, generally placed across an entire field. Implementation will reduce soil loss to a tolerable level. The scenario includes costs associated with the establishment of the trap strips.


Scenario_Description:
This scenario describes the implementation of a basic nutrient management system on > = 40 acres of cropland or hayland where there is no manure application. Scenario is applicable on non-organic and organic land. The planned NM system will meet the current Nutrient Management (590) CPS. Implementation will result in the proper rate, source, method of placement, and timing of nutrient application. Payment for implementation is to defray the costs of soil testing, analysis, and implementation of the nutrient management plan and recordkeeping. Records demonstrating implementation of the 4 R's of NM will be required.

Before:
In this geographic area, a fertility program is either nonexistent or does not meet the Nutrient Management (590) CPS. Soil testing is not completed on a regular basis and applications of fertilizers are not based on land grant university recommendations or a nutrient budget. An environmental evaluation or risk assessment is not completed. Nutrients are transported to surface waters through runoff, drainage tile, or soil erosion, or to ground water from leaching in quantities that degrade water quality and limit use of intended purposes. Soil quality may be degraded by excess or inadequate nutrients. Fields have little or no erosion protection during critical periods often times resulting in sheet, rill, and ephemeral erosion.

After:
A nutrient management system will be developed to meet the current Nutrient Management (590) CPS, when applicable system will also meet NOP regulations. Development and implementation of a nutrient management plan (NMP) will benefit plant productivity while also reducing potential for off-site degradation. A nutrient management budget will be developed for each field(s) based on soil test analysis and land grant university recommendations or crop removal rates. On planning units typically 40 acres or larger, soil testing is completed according to LGU recommendations. Records will be provided annually of the current soil test, analysis, application rates, forms and rates of nutrients for each field, including crop yields. Nutrient applications will be completed according to the Nutrient Management Plan that minimizes nutrient runoff and leaching or buildup of excess nutrient concentrations.


Scenario_Name:
Basic NM with Manure Injection or Incorporation

Scenario_Description:
This scenario describes the implementation of a basic nutrient management system on > = 40 acres of cropland or hayland where all applied nutrient sources (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) are either incorporated using tillage at least 3-4 inches deep or injected into the soil at least 3-6 inches deep (Exceptions for incorporation or injection include: established close grown crops such as wheat or perennial crops such as hay or pasture). This scenario is applicable on non-organic and organic land for all nutrient sources (manure, compost, commercial fertilizers, and organic sources of nutrients). Micro-nutrients may be surface applied. The planned NM system will meet the current Nutrient Management (590) CPS. Implementation will result in the proper rate, source, method of placement (incorporation or injection), and timing of nutrient application. Payment for implementation is to defray the costs of soil testing, manure analysis, incorporation or injection of all nutrients, and the implementation of the nutrient management plan and recordkeeping. Records demonstrating implementation of the 4 R's of NM will be required. Scenario is designed to address the Nutrient Management (590) purposes for nitrogen losses via N2O emissions, nitrogen leaching, and nitrogen and phosphorus surface runoff. The basis for nutrient applications will be recommendations based on soil tests; and when applicable, plant tissue, manure, and compost analyses. Soil loss is controlled to the soil loss tolerance criteria or less for the significant soil map unit.

Before:
In this geographic area, a fertility program is not properly managed to supply the proper rate, timing, method of application, and source to address air and water quality. Application of fertilizers, including manures, composts, and amendments, are surface applied and completed annually based upon tradition that does not specifically consider the detrimental effects of improper timing or rates of all nutrient sources, or excess nutrient buildup in the soil, emissions of N2O, surface runoff, or the leaching of nitrogen to ground or surface water via subsurface drainage. Fields are overwintered with little or no erosion protection often times resulting in sheet, rill, and ephemeral erosion by spring. Soil testing is not completed on a regular basis and applications of all nutrient sources are not based on land grant university recommendations or a nutrient budget. An environmental evaluation or risk assessment is not completed. Nutrients are transported to surface waters through runoff, drainage tile, soil erosion, or to ground water from leaching in quantities that degrade air and water quality. Soil quality may be degraded by excess or inadequate nutrients and erosion. Fields have little or no erosion protection during critical periods often times resulting in sheet, rill, and ephemeral erosion in excess of the planning criteria.

After:
A nutrient management system is developed with the producer to meet the current Nutrient Management (590) CPS; and when applicable, the system will also meet NOP regulations. All nutrient sources will be incorporated with tillage at least 3-4 inches deep or injected at least 4-6 inches deep into the soil (Exceptions for incorporation or injection include: established close grown crops such as wheat or perennial crops such as hay or pasture). Implementation of the nutrient management plan (NMP) will benefit plant productivity while also reducing the potential for off-site degradation. A nutrient management budget will be developed for each field based on soil test analysis and land grant university recommendations or crop removal rates. On planning units typically 40 acres or larger, soil testing (and where applicable manure analyses, plant tissue analyses, etc.) is completed according to LGU recommendations. Applications of all phosphorus and nitrogen sources are based on risk assessments (PI - phosphorus index and leaching index). Records will be provided annually documenting current soil tests and other plant or manure analyses, date and rate of applications, form and placement of nutrients for each field, including post-harvest yields. Nutrient applications will be completed according to the NMP that minimizes nutrient runoff, nitrogen leaching, nitrogen emissions, or buildup of excess nutrient concentrations in the soil.


Scenario_Description:
Scenario is applicable on non-organic and organic land. Scenario implementation of a basic nutrient management system on small, often diversified farm systems typically between 0.5-10 acres where manure and/or compost may be utilized either alone or in conjunction with commercial fertilizer. The planned NM system will meet the current Nutrient Management (590) CPS. Implementation will result in the proper rate, source, method of placement, and timing of nutrient application. Payment for implementation is to defray the costs of soil testing, manure and/or compost analysis, and implementation of the nutrient management plan and recordkeeping. Records demonstrating implementation of the 4 R's of NM will be required. Scenario is designed to encourage producers to effectively utilize commercial fertilizers, organic fertilizers, manure, and/or compost appropriately improving soil quality and minimizing runoff of nutrients from fields to surface waters. The basis for nutrient applications will be recommendations based on soil, manure, and compost analyses.

Before:
In this geographic area, a fertility program is either nonexistent or does not meet the Nutrient Management (590). Soil testing is not completed on a regular basis and applications of fertilizers are not based on land grant university recommendations or a nutrient budget. An environmental evaluation or risk assessment is not completed. Nutrients are transported to surface waters through runoff, drainage tile, or soil erosion, or to ground water from leaching in quantities that degrade water quality and limit use of intended purposes. Soil quality may be degraded by excess or inadequate nutrients. Fields have little or no erosion protection during critical periods often times resulting in sheet, rill, and ephemeral erosion.

After:
A nutrient management system will be developed to meet the current Nutrient Management (590), when applicable system will also meet NOP regulations. Development and implementation of a nutrient management plan (NMP) will benefit plant productivity while also reducing potential for off-site degradation. A nutrient management budget will be developed for each field, crop block, or crop rotation within a block/field based on soil test analysis and land grant university recommendations or crop removal rates. Application of nutrients will be completed at the proper rate, timing, and methods, and sources per the NMP. Records will be provided annually of current soil test, analysis, application timing, nutrient source, application method, application rate, and crop yields for each block. Nutrient applications will be completed according to the NMP that minimizes nutrient runoff and leaching or buildup of excess nutrient concentrations.


Scenario_Name:
Basic NM with Manure and/or Compost (Non-Organic/Organic)

Scenario_Description:
This scenario describes the implementation of a basic nutrient management system on > = 40 acres of cropland or hayland where manure and/or compost is utilized either alone or in conjunction with commercial fertilizer. Scenario is applicable on non-organic and organic land. The planned NM system will meet the current Nutrient Management (590) CPS. Implementation will result in the proper rate, source, method of placement, and timing of nutrient application. Payment for implementation is to defray the costs of soil testing, manure and/or compost analysis, and implementation of the nutrient management plan and recordkeeping. Records demonstrating implementation of the 4 R's of NM will be required. Scenario is designed to encourage producers to effectively utilize commercial fertilizers, organic fertilizers, manure, and/or compost appropriately improving soil quality and minimizing runoff of nutrients from fields to surface waters. The basis for nutrient applications will be recommendations based on soil, manure, and compost analyses.

Before:
In this geographic area, a fertility program is either nonexistent or at a basic level. Application of fertilizers, including manures, composts, and amendments, are completed annually based upon tradition that does not specifically consider the detrimental effects of improper timing or rates of nutrients, or excess nutrient buildup in the soil. Fields are overwintered with little or no erosion protection often times resulting in sheet, rill, and ephemeral erosion by spring. Soil testing is not completed on a regular basis and applications of fertilizers are not based on land grant university recommendations or a nutrient budget. An environmental evaluation or risk assessment is not completed. Nutrients are transported to surface waters through runoff, drainage tile, or soil erosion, or to ground water from leaching in quantities that degrade water quality and limit use of intended purposes. Soil quality may be degraded by excess or inadequate nutrients. Fields have little or no erosion protection during critical periods often times resulting in sheet, rill, and ephemeral erosion.

After:
A nutrient management system will be developed to meet the current Nutrient Management (590) CPS, when applicable system will also meet NOP regulations. Development and implementation of a nutrient management plan (NMP) will benefit plant productivity while also reducing potential for off-site degradation. A nutrient management budget will be developed for each field(s) based on soil test analysis and land grant university recommendations or crop removal rates. On planning units typically 40 acres or larger, soil testing is completed according to LGU recommendations. Records will be provided annually of the current soil test, analysis, application rate, forms and rates of nutrients for each field, including crop yields. Nutrient applications will be completed according to the Nutrient Management Plan that minimizes nutrient runoff and leaching or buildup of excess nutrient concentrations.


Scenario_Description:
This scenario takes a conventional cropping system where either no nutrient management or only a basic level of nutrient management is being practiced and improves it to address air quality (reduce emissions for N fertilizer) and/or minimize agricultural nonpoint source pollution of surface and groundwater. The planned NM system will meet the current Nutrient Management (590) CPS general and additional criteria. Precision nutrient management system includes such items as split applications, variable rate applications, nitrification or urease inhibitors, additional nutrient tests including PSNT (pre-side dress nitrogen test), CSNT (corn stalk nitrate test), and PPSN (pre-plant soil nitrate test), chlorophyll meters, and/or spectral analysis may be used to further refine nutrient applications. Payment for implementation is to defray the costs of grid or zone soil testing, additional testing and analysis, equipment, implementation of the NMP and recordkeeping. Typical treatment area is 40 acres.

Before:
In this geographic area, conventional fertility programs involve very little or no soil or manure testing. Application of fertilizers, including manures and amendments, are completed annually based upon tradition that does not specifically consider the detrimental affects of improper timing or rates of nutrients, nitrous oxide emissions or excess nutrient build-up in the soil. Fields are overwintered with little or no erosion protection often times resulting in sheet, rill, and ephemeral erosion by spring. Runoff flows into adjacent streams, water courses, tile drains, field surface drains, or other water courses causing degradation to receiving waters or leaching of nutrients to shallow ground water sources. There is typically no environmental evaluation of the potential for off-site movement. Soil quality may also be detrimentally affected.

After:
A precision nutrient management system will be developed to meet the current Nutrient Management (590) CPS general and additional criteria, when applicable the system will also meet NOP regulations. Development and implementation of a Nutrient Management Plan (NMP) based on the 4Rs will benefit plant productivity while reducing potential of off-site movement of nutrients, including reducing nitrogen emissions. NMP may include practices such as use of split applications, slow release nutrients, nitrification inhibitors, urease inhibitors, proper timing of application, more appropriate formulations, banding, etc. Additional nutrient tests including PSNT (pre-side dress nitrogen test), CSNT (corn stalk nitrate test), and PPSN (pre-plant soil nitrate test), chlorophyll meters, spectral analysis, etc., may also be used to further refine nutrient applications. Use of a post-harvest soil test or tissue tests will help establish the adequacy of the plan in meeting crop needs while minimizing P application rate and residual N, thus reducing the potential for off-site impacts. Potential for offsite movement of nutrient may be further reduced by identifying variability across the field(s) by using soil survey maps or other simple techniques to establish management zones, along with grid or zone soil testing. Nutrients are applied at rates based on soil test zone analyses. Nitrogen and Phosphorus risk assessment tools are completed and results included in the nutrient management system specifications as required by current NRCS 590 CPS criteria and any mitigation measures are included in the conservation plan if determined needed by risk assessment results. Soil testing is completed according to LGU recommendations. Analysis are completed at least once every three years for N-P-K, and for N annually. A nutrient budget is developed for each field or management zone annually. Records will be provided annually of the current soil test, analysis, application rates, forms and rates of nutrients for each field, including crop yields.


Scenario_Description:
The practice scenario is for the implementation of nutrient management on a small plot, as detailed in outlined in Agronomy Technical Note 7 - Adaptive Nutrient Management. Scenario includes implementing replicated strip trials on a field plot to evaluate, identify and implement various nutrient use efficiency improvement methods for timing, rate, method of application, or source of nutrients.

Before:
The practice will be installed on cropland (small grain rotation or typical corn-soybean rotation) to address water quality degradation, air quality degradation and energy concerns. The scenario applies to non-organic and organic operations.

After:
Installation of this scenario will result in adopting the four R's of nutrient management following the procedures outlined in Agronomy Technical Note 7 - Adaptive Nutrient Management. Implementation involves establishing the replicated plots to evaluate one or more of the 4 R's. The plot will consist of at least 4 replicated plots designed, laid out, managed and evaluated with the assistance of a consultant or extension professional knowledgeable in nutrient management and experimental design and data collection. Results are used to make nutrient application decisions to address water quality degradation issues and nutrient use efficiencies. Yields will be measured and statistically analyzed and summarized following the procedures in Agronomy Technical Note 7. The yields for each plot will be adjusted to the appropriate moisture content.


Practice:
591 - Amendments for the Treatment of Agricultural Waste

Scenario_Name:
Litter Amendments for Air Quality With Partially Treated Brood Chamber

Scenario_Description:
This practice scenario includes the application of a litter treatment amendment that is approved by NRCS to the entire poultry house to reduce ammonia emissions from the house and facilitate manure management. An entire poultry house is treated year round for air quality impacts. In the winter, the producer or integrator treats the brood chamber between flocks with litter amendments solely for bird health and production. The amount being applied by the producer or integrator in winter months does not meet the air quality resource concerns. Additional litter amendments are added in winter for Air Quality benefits not being applied by the integrator. Litter amendments are applied spring through fall for entire flocks. NRCS is not responsible for the litter amendments already being applied by the integrator for the purposes of production and bird health. The purpose of the practice is to address resource concerns related to air quality impacts due to particulate matter and precursors, and objectionable odors. Associated practices: Nutrient Management (590).

Before:
No litter amendments are being applied during the spring through fall months. An amendment is being applied at a lower application rate during the winter months, typically half the house and only two flocks. Partial winter application is solely for production purposes and the lower application rate is not enough to address the air quality resource concerns. The operation raises 4 flocks per year and the integrator partially treats 2 flocks in the winter months. Approximately 18.7% of the needed litter amendments are being applied and only during the winter months.

After:
An NRCS approved amendment is applied between each flock. All flocks are optimally treated with litter amendments year-round. A typical broiler operation with 4 flocks in a 42’ x 500’ house (21,000 square feet) is treated to reduce the impacts on air quality. Typically 100 pounds of litter amendments per 1000 square feet are applied 4 times annually. The total amendment applied is adjusted by 81.3% to account for the portion of the brood chamber that is receiving partial application during the winter months. The amendment is proven to control the odor, to reduce ammonia emissions from the litter. The selected amendment is applied in conformance with the manufacturer’s recommendations and the rates required. The resulting litter contains higher levels of nutrients and nutrient management plans must account for this. Nutrient level testing of the litter and nutrient planning shall be in conformance with CPS Nutrient Management, Code 590. The amendment successfully addresses the air quality impacts from objectionable odors, ammonia emissions, PM and PM precursors and bird health resource concerns. Formula to calculate the number of 1000 SF units: (Square Feet of house) / 1000 SF X (Number of houses) X (Number of applications/year) = Number of 1000SF/year. 21,000 SF / 1000 SF X 1 house X 4 app/yr = 84 units of 1000SF


Scenario_Name:
Litter Amendments for Water Quality With Partially Treated Brood Chamber

Scenario_Description:
This practice scenario includes the application of a litter treatment amendment that is approved by NRCS to the entire poultry house to reduce ammonia emissions and water-soluble phosphorous in the poultry litter. An entire poultry house is treated year round for air and water quality impacts. In the winter, the producer or integrator treats the brood chamber between flocks with litter amendments solely for bird health and production. The amount being applied by the producer or integrator in winter months does not meet the air and water quality resource concerns. Additional litter amendments are added in winter for Air Quality benefits not being applied by the integrator. Litter amendments are applied spring through fall for entire flocks. NRCS is not responsible for the litter amendments already being applied by the integrator for the purposes of production and bird health. The purpose of the practice is to address resource concerns related to water quality degradation due to excess nutrients and pathogens and air quality impacts due to particulate matter and associated precursors, and objectionable odors. Associated practices: Nutrient Management (590).

Before:
No litter amendments are being applied during the spring through fall months. An amendment is being applied at a lower application rate during the winter months, typically half the house and only two flocks. Partial winter application is solely for production purposes and the lower application rate is not enough to address resource concerns from existing nutrient levels which may contribute to water quality degradation from nutrient runoff and leaching from fields fertilized with poultry litter and cause adverse air quality impacts such as objectionable odors and ammonia emissions.. The operation raises 4 flocks per year and the integrator partially treats 2 flocks in the winter months. Approximately 18.7% of the needed litter amendments are being applied and only during the winter months.

After:
An NRCS approved amendment is applied between each flock. All flocks are optimally treated with litter amendments year-round. A typical broiler operation with 4 flocks in a 42’ x 500’ house (21,000 square feet) is treated to reduce the impacts on air and water quality. Typically 100 pounds of litter amendments per 1000 square feet are applied 4 times annually. The total amendment applied is adjusted by 81.3% to account for the portion of the brood chamber that is receiving partial application during the winter months. The amendment is proven to reduce ammonia emissions and soluble phosphorus in the litter. The selected amendment is applied in conformance with the manufacturer’s recommendations and the rates required. The resulting litter contains higher levels of nutrients and nutrient management plans must account for this. Nutrient level testing of the litter and nutrient planning shall be in conformance with CPS Nutrient Management, Code 590. The amendment successfully addresses water quality degradation from nutrients in surface and ground water and air quality impacts due to objectionable odors, ammonia emissions, PM and PM precursors and bird health resource concerns. Formula to calculate the number of 1000 SF units: (Square Feet of house) / 1000 SF X (Number of houses) X (Number of applications/year) = Number of 1000SF/year. 21,000 SF / 1000 SF X 1 house X 4 app/yr = 84 units of 1000SF


Scenario_Name:
Litter Amendments applied for Air Quality resource concerns

Scenario_Description:
This practice scenario includes the application of a litter treatment amendment that is approved by NRCS to the entire poultry house to reduce ammonia emissions from the house and facilitate manure management. The amendment used is proven to reduce ammonia levels in the house by transforming nitrogen into a form of ammonium. The purpose of the practice is to address resource concerns from existing nutrient levels that may contribute to air quality impacts such as objectionable odors and ammonia emissions and impacts on bird health due to excess nutrients and pathogens. Associated practices: Nutrient Management (590).

Before:
Integrator does not currently apply waste treatment amendments to the litter that reduce ammonia emissions.

After:
This scenario is based on a typical poultry operation with a 2-house facility and each house size is 40' x 400', 16,000 SF. An NRCS approved amendment is applied between flocks, 5 flocks annually, at rate required to meet air quality resource concern, typically 100 pounds per 1000 SF. Formula to calculate the amount of amendment per year on a 1000 SF basis: (Square Feet of house) / 1000 SF X (Number of houses) X (Number of Applications per Year)= Number of 1000SF. 16,000 SF / 1000 SF X 2 houses X 5 applications/year= 160 units of 1000SF An NRCS approved amendment is applied between each flock, 5 applications, at rate required for treatment to address air quality resource concerns. For most products, this is 100 pounds per 1000 SF. The amendment is proven to control the odor, and to reduce ammonia emissions. The selected amendment is applied in conformance with the manufacturer’s recommendations and the rates required. The resulting litter contains higher levels of nutrients and nutrient management plans must account for this. Nutrient level testing of the litter and nutrient planning shall be in conformance with CPS Nutrient Management, Code 590. The amendment successfully addresses the air quality impacts of objectionable odors, ammonia emissions, PM and PM precursors and bird health resource concerns.


Scenario_Name:
Litter Amendments applied on a %w/w basis for Water Quality Impacts

Scenario_Description:
This practice scenario includes the application of a litter treatment amendment that is approved by NRCS to the entire poultry house to reduce water-soluble phosphorous in the poultry litter by a specified percentage. The amendment used is proven to transform nitrogen into a form of ammonium and reduce the concentration of water-soluble phosphorous in the litter and reduces ammonia levels in the house. Resource concerns from existing nutrient levels may contribute to water quality degradation from nutrient runoff and leaching from fields fertilized with poultry litter and air quality impacts such as objectionable odors and ammonia emissions. Associated practices: Nutrient Management (590).

Before:
Integrator does not currently apply waste treatment amendments to the litter that reduce ammonia emissions and soluble phosphorus.

After:
This scenario is based on a typical poultry operation with a desired application rate is 10% by weight of the litter (10%w/w) of a phosphorus binding amendment. Typical operation consists of 2 houses, 40' x 400' house (16,000 SF), 20,000 birds (4 pound finished bird weight), 0.5 lb litter/bird (assume 54 pounds P205/Ton of litter). The operation raises 5 flocks per year. Formula to calculate required amendment at the prescribed rate in tons per year is: (Number of birds) X (Finish weight of birds (lbs)) X (Pounds of litter)/bird) X (Number of houses) X (application rate) X (Number of applications per year) / 2000 pounds/ton 20,000 birds X 4 lb bird X 0.50 lb litter/bird X 2 houses X 0.10 lb amendment/lb litter X 5 app/year / 2000 lb/ton = 20 tons/year. An NRCS approved amendment is applied between each flock at the prescribed rate. The selected amendment is applied in conformance with the manufacturer’s recommendations and the rates required. The amendment is proven to reduce soluble phosphorus in the litter, to control the odor, and to reduce ammonia emissions. The resulting litter contains higher levels of nutrients and nutrient management plans must account for this. Nutrient level testing of the litter and nutrient planning shall be in conformance with CPS Nutrient Management, Code 590. The amendment successfully addresses water quality degradation due to nutrients in surface and ground water and air quality impacts from objectionable odors, ammonia emissions, PM and PM precursors and bird health resource concerns.


Scenario_Description:
This practice scenario includes the treatment of liquid animal waste for odor control. The purpose of the practice is to address resource concerns related to air quality impacts from objectionable odors caused by manure storage in a facility close to a small town. Associated practices: Nutrient Management (590), Waste Storage Facility (313).

Before:
Before application of the waste amendment, the liquid manure in the storage facility is creating significant odor problems. The producer is receiving complaints from neighbors.

After:
This practice scenario is applicable for all types of liquid animal waste. A swine operation has been chosen for this scenario example. Typical implementation scenario is a pit under a swine production building for 1180 head of lactating sows, 400 lb each. The pit is 100' x 140' x 8' deep; 1' freeboard and 1' unpumpable sludge reduces working depth to 6'. This scenario is based on the working volume of manure stored and treated per year. The working volume in the manure storage facility is 84,000 cubic feet, and the facility is emptied every 6 months. The resulting total annual working volume of manure to be treated with the amendment is 168,000 cubic feet. An NRCS approved amendment is applied periodically according to manufacturer's instructions, typically on a monthly basis. The manufacturer's recommended dosage is based on the volume of manure added to the waste storage facility between amendment doses. The resulting waste contains higher levels of nutrients, which is accounted for in the nutrient management plan. Nutrient level testing of the liquid manure and nutrient planning is done in conformance with CPS Nutrient Management, Code 590. The amendment is proven to reduce odor by up to 83%, and successfully reduces the objectionable odors on the site. Complaints from neighbors are no longer received.

Feature_Measure:
Cubic Feet of required manure storage per year


Scenario_Description:
Application of bulk zeolite to a beef or dairy pen surface to reduce ammonia emissions.

Before:
Zeolite is not added to a beef or dairy open lot pen surface, resulting in loss of nitrogen via ammonia volatilization.

After:
Bulk zeolite is added to a beef or dairy open lot pen surface. Zeolite is applied at a rate of 4-6% of the anticipated weight of manure produced over the period of time animals are housed in the pen. The zeolite will adsorb ammonia and other compounds, resulting in lower ammonia emissions and resultant air quality improvement.


Scenario_Description:
Feed ration management on a dairy operation that does not have access to enough acres to spread all of its manure nutrients at an agronomic rate. The resource concerns are water quality degradation, excessive manure nutrients particularly phosphorus and nitrogen. The goal of the practice is to reduce the amount of nutrients in the raw manure so that it is easier for "landlocked" farmers to apply the manure at agronomic rates, thereby reducing or eliminating water quality degradation concerns. Associated practices: Nutrient management (590), Prescribed Grazing (528), Forage and Biomass Planting (512), Forage Harvest Management (511)

Before:
Producer is feeding a higher level of protein (17%) and phosphorus (0.45%) than is needed to meet National Research Council (NRC) recommendations for a herd of this type and at this stage of production. The operation does not have all of the available acres that it needs to use the nutrients in the manure when spread at agronomic rates causing over application of nutrients on land affecting soil quality, which may lead to water quality degradation.

After:
The scenario assumes the operation milks 500 Holstein cows at average weight of 1,400 pounds, or 700 animal units. A baseline analysis of manure, feed, and milk will be completed to determine the current nutrient inputs and outputs. The Producer will reduce feed protein and phosphorus levels to that of NRC recommendations for a herd of this type and at this stage of production (12% protein and 0.35% phosphorus). Producer will explore alternative feedstuffs and alternative feeding strategies to bring manure nitrogen and phosphorus levels down without hurting production of the animals or profitability of the operation. Alternative feeding strategies can include things like grouping animals per similar age or stage of production, or feeding based on individual rolling average production.


Scenario_Description:
Feed ration management on a small dairy operation that does not have access to enough acres to spread all of its manure nutrients at an agronomic rate. The resource concerns are water quality degradation, excessive manure nutrients particularly phosphorus and nitrogen. The goal of the practice is to reduce the amount of nutrients in the raw manure so that it is easier for "landlocked" farmers to apply the manure at agronomic rates, thereby reducing or eliminating water quality degradation concerns. Associated practices: Nutrient management (590), Prescribed Grazing (528), Forage and Biomass Planting (512), Forage Harvest Management (511)

After:
The scenario assumes the operation milks 50 Jersey and Guernsey cows at average weight of 1,000 pounds, or 50 animal units. A baseline analysis of manure, feed, and milk will be completed to determine the current nutrient inputs and outputs. The Producer will reduce feed protein and phosphorus levels to that of NRC recommendations for a herd of this type and at this stage of production (12% protein and 0.35% phosphorus). The producer will also implement pasturing of his herd part to the time where the animals will obtain some of their diet by grazing pastures as well as explore alternative feedstuffs and alternative feeding strategies to bring manure nitrogen and phosphorus levels down without hurting production of the animals or profitability of the operation.


Scenario_Description:
This example is feed ration management on a swine finishing operation that does not have access to enough acres to spread all of the nutrients in the manure, at agronomic rates. The resource concerns are water quality, and excessive manure nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus. The goal of the practice is to reduce these excess nutrients to a point where they can be fully utilized at agronomic rates on the existing land base, thereby reducing or eliminating water quality degradation concerns. Associated Practices: Nutrient management (590)

Before:
The producer is feeding a single diet with a higher level of protein (16%) and phosphorus (0.65%) than is needed to meet National Research Council (NRC) recommendations for animals of this type and at this stage of production.

After:
This scenario's operation currently houses 2800 finishing hogs with an average weight of 154 pounds (307 pound live finished weight/2), or 430 animal units (2800 hogs * 154 lbs average hog weight / 1000 lbs AU = 430 AU). The farm typically grows out 2.5 turns per year (430 AU * 2.5 = 1075 AU). A baseline analysis of manure and feed will be completed to determine the current nutrient inputs and outputs. The producer will reduce feed protein and phosphorus levels to that of NRC recommendations for animals of this type and at this stage of production. Producer will consider alternative feedstuffs, phase feeding, split-sex feeding and other scenarios to achieve the objective. Proper feed management removes excess nutrients from the manure, making the manure easier for the producer to properly manage within his/her land constraints. The improved manure management prevents surface and groundwater degradation from excess nitrogen and phosphorus.


Scenario_Description:
This example is feed ration management on a meat bird operation that does not have access to enough acres to spread all of the nutrients in the manure, at agronomic rates. The resource concerns are water quality, and excessive manure nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus. The goal of the practice is to reduce these excess nutrients to a point where they can be fully utilized at agronomic rates on the existing land base, thereby reducing or eliminating water quality degradation concerns. Associated Practices: Nutrient management (590)

Before:
The producer is feeding animals a single diet with a higher nutrient levels than are needed to meet National Research Council (NRC) recommendations for animals of this type and at this stage of production.

After:
This scenario's operation currently houses 60,000 broilers in three houses of 20,000 birds. Each house has 5 turns per year with an average weight of 2.5 pounds per bird (5 pound live finished weight/2). The operation annually raises a total of 750 animal units (60,000 birds * 5 turns * 2.5 lbs average weight of bird/1000 lbs AU = 750 AU). A baseline analysis of manure and feed will be completed to determine the current nutrient inputs and outputs. The producer will reduce feed protein and phosphorus levels to that of NRC recommendations for animals of this type and at this stage of production. Producer will consider alternative feedstuffs, phase feeding, split-sex feeding and other scenarios to achieve the objective. Proper feed management removes excess nutrients from the manure, making the manure easier for the producer to properly manage within his/her land constraints. The improved manure management prevents surface and groundwater degradation from excess nitrogen and phosphorus.


Scenario_Name:
Zeolite as a Feed Additive for Ammonia Reduction

Scenario_Description:
Inclusion of zeolite as a feed additive in beef or dairy rations to reduce ammonia emissions.

Before:
Zeolite is not added to a beef or dairy ration, resulting in loss of nitrogen via ammonia volatilization from the manure.

After:
Zeolite is added to a beef or dairy ration at a rate of 2% of the daily ration. The zeolite will adsorb ammonia and other compounds, resulting in lower nitrogen excretion and thus lower ammonia emissions from the manure and resultant air quality improvement.


Scenario_Description:
A basic IPM plan with LGU-approved pest monitoring techniques and pest thresholds (where available) is applied in Large Scale Field/Forage Crops to address one identified resource concern (e.g. Water Quality - Impacts to Human Drinking Water) with either risk prevention (e.g. planned pesticides have no risk to the identified resource concern) or risk mitigation (e.g. planned pesticides have appropriate mitigation planned from Agronomy Technical Note 5 for “Intermediate”, “High” or “Extra High” WIN-PST Final Hazard Ratings).

Before:
Before practice conditions vary widely. Conditions range from the client is not using many pest suppression techniques (pesticides, tillage for weed control, burning, etc.) to the client is using many different pest suppression techniques for many different pests, but in all cases at least one planned pest suppression technique has risk to an identified resource concern (e.g. Water Quality – Impacts to Human Drinking Water).

After:
After implementing the 595 practice, a basic IPM system has been implemented with Land Grant University approved pest monitoring techniques and pest thresholds (where available) to help meet the minimum criteria for one identified resource concern (e.g. Water Quality - Impacts to Human Drinking Water) with either risk prevention (e.g. planned pesticides have no risk to the identified resource concern) or risk mitigation (e.g. planned pesticides have appropriate mitigation planned from Agronomy Technical Note 5 for “Intermediate”, “High” or “Extra High” WIN-PST Final Hazard Ratings).


Scenario_Description:
A basic IPM plan with LGU-approved pest monitoring techniques and pest thresholds (where available) is applied in Large Scale Field/Forage Crops to address multiple identified resource concerns (e.g. Water Quality – Impacts to Human Drinking Water and Pollinator Impacts) with either risk prevention (e.g. planned pesticides have no risks to the identified resource concerns) or risk mitigation (e.g. planned pesticides have appropriate mitigation planned from Agronomy Technical Note 5 for “Intermediate”, “High” or “Extra High” WIN-PST Final Hazard Ratings).

Before:
Before practice conditions vary widely. Conditions range from the client is not using many pest suppression techniques (pesticides, tillage for weed control, burning, etc.) to the client is using many different pest suppression techniques for many different pests, but in all cases at least one planned pest suppression technique has risk to two or more identified resource concerns (e.g. Water Quality – Impacts to Human Drinking Water and Impacts on Pollinators).

After:
After implementing the 595 practice, a basic IPM system has been implemented with Land Grant University approved pest monitoring techniques and pest thresholds (where available) to help meet the minimum criteria for two or more identified resource concerns (e.g. Water Quality - Impacts to Human Drinking Water and Impacts on Pollinators) with either risk prevention (e.g. planned pesticides have no risk to the identified resource concerns) or risk mitigation (e.g. planned pesticides have appropriate mitigation planned from Agronomy Technical Note 5 for “Intermediate”, “High” or “Extra High” WIN-PST Final Hazard Ratings).


Scenario_Description:
A comprehensive IPM plan with LGU-approved pest prevention, avoidance and monitoring techniques and pest thresholds (where available) is applied in Large Scale Field/Forage Crops to address all identified resource concerns with either risk prevention (e.g. planned pesticides have no risk to the identified resource concerns) or risk mitigation (e.g. planned pesticides have appropriate mitigation planned from Agronomy Technical Note 5 for “Intermediate”, “High” or “Extra High” WIN-PST Final Hazard Ratings).

After:
After implementing the 595 practice, a comprehensive IPM plan with Land Grant University approved pest prevention, avoidance and monitoring techniques and pest thresholds (where available) is applied to help meet the minimum criteria for all identified resource concerns with either risk prevention (e.g. planned pesticides have no risk to the identified resource concerns) or risk mitigation (e.g. planned pesticides have appropriate mitigation planned from Agronomy Technical Note 5 for “Intermediate”, “High” or “Extra High” WIN-PST Final Hazard Ratings).


Scenario_Description:
A basic IPM plan with LGU-approved pest monitoring techniques and pest thresholds (where available) is applied in Large Scale Small Fruit/Vegetable Crops to address one identified resource concern (e.g. Water Quality - Impacts to Human Drinking Water) with either risk prevention (e.g. planned pesticides no risk to the identified resource concern) or risk mitigation (e.g. planned pesticides have appropriate mitigation planned from Agronomy Technical Note 5 for “Intermediate”, “High” or “Extra High” WIN-PST Final Hazard Ratings).

After:
After implementing the 595 practice, a basic IPM system has been implemented with Land Grant University approved pest monitoring techniques and pest thresholds (where available) to help meet the minimum criteria for at least one identified resource concern (e.g. Water Quality - Impacts to Human Drinking Water) with either risk prevention (e.g. planned pesticides have no risk to the identified resource concern) or risk mitigation (e.g. planned pesticides have appropriate mitigation planned from Agronomy Technical Note 5 for “Intermediate”, “High” or “Extra High” WIN-PST Final Hazard Ratings).


Scenario_Description:
A basic IPM plan with LGU-approved pest monitoring techniques and pest thresholds (where available) is applied in Large Scale Small Fruit/Vegetable Crops to address multiple identified resource concerns (e.g. Water Quality - Impacts to Human Drinking Water and Pollinator Impacts) with either risk prevention (e.g. planned pesticides have no risk to identified resource concerns) or risk mitigation (e.g. planned pesticides have appropriate mitigation planned from Agronomy Technical Note 5 for “Intermediate”, “High” or “Extra High” WIN-PST Final Hazard Ratings).


Scenario_Description:
A comprehensive IPM plan with LGU-approved pest prevention, avoidance and monitoring techniques and pest thresholds (where available) is applied in Large Scale Small Fruit/Vegetable Crops to address all identified resource concerns with either risk prevention (e.g. planned pesticides have no risk to the identified resource concerns) or risk mitigation (e.g. planned pesticides have appropriate mitigation planned from Technical Note 5 for “Intermediate”, “High” or “Extra High” WIN-PST Final Hazard Ratings).


Scenario_Description:
A basic IPM plan with LGU-approved pest monitoring techniques and pest thresholds (where available) is applied in Large Scale Orchard/Specialty Crops to address one identified resource concern (e.g. Water Quality - Impacts to Human Drinking Water) with either risk prevention (e.g. planned pesticides have no risk to the identified resource concern) or risk mitigation (e.g. planned pesticides have appropriate mitigation planned from Agronomy Technical Note 5 for “Intermediate”, “High” or “Extra High” WIN-PST Final Hazard Ratings).


Scenario_Description:
A basic IPM plan with LGU-approved pest monitoring techniques and pest thresholds (where available) is applied in Large Scale Orchard/Specialty Crops to address multiple identified resource concerns (e.g. Water Quality - Impacts to Human Drinking Water and Pollinator Impacts) with either risk prevention (e.g. planned pesticides have no risks to identified resource concerns) or risk mitigation (e.g. planned pesticides have appropriate mitigation planned from Agronomy Technical Note 5 for “Intermediate”, “High” or “Extra High” WIN-PST Final Hazard Ratings).


Scenario_Description:
A comprehensive IPM plan with LGU-approved pest prevention, avoidance and monitoring techniques and pest thresholds (where available) is applied in Large Scale Orchard/Specialty Crops to address all identified resource concerns with either risk prevention (e.g. planned pesticides have no risk to identified resource concerns) or risk mitigation (e.g. planned pesticides have appropriate mitigation planned from Agronomy Technical Note 5 for “Intermediate”, “High” or “Extra High” WIN-PST Final Hazard Ratings).


Scenario_Description:
A basic IPM plan with LGU-approved pest monitoring techniques and pest thresholds (where available) is applied in Small Farm/Diversified Systems (e.g. CSA, organic, etc.) to address one identified resource concern (e.g. Water Quality - Impacts to Human Drinking Water) with either risk prevention (e.g. planned pesticides have no risk to the identified resource concern) or risk mitigation (e.g. planned pesticides have appropriate mitigation planned from Agronomy Technical Note 5 for “Intermediate”, “High” or “Extra High” WIN-PST Final Hazard Ratings). This scenario attempts to capture the higher cost/acre of planning and implementing IPM techniques on smaller acreages with very diverse cropping systems.

After:
After implementing the 595 practice, a basic IPM system has been implemented with Land Grant University approved pest monitoring techniques and pest thresholds (where available) to help meet the minimum criteria for at least one identified resource concern resource concern (e.g. Water Quality - Impacts to Human Drinking Water) with either risk prevention (e.g. planned pesticides have no risk to the identified resource concern) or risk mitigation (e.g. planned pesticides have appropriate mitigation planned from Agronomy Technical Note 5 for “Intermediate”, “High” or “Extra High” WIN-PST Final Hazard Ratings).


Scenario_Description:
A basic IPM plan with LGU-approved pest monitoring techniques and pest thresholds (where available) is applied in Small Farm/ Diversified Systems (e.g. CSA, organic, etc.) to address multiple identified resource concerns (e.g. Water Quality - Impacts to Human Drinking Water and Pollinator Impacts) with either risk prevention (e.g. planned pesticides have no risk to the identified resource concerns) or risk mitigation (e.g. planned pesticides have appropriate mitigation planned from Agronomy Technical Note 5 for “Intermediate”, “High” or “Extra High” WIN-PST Final Hazard Ratings). This scenario attempts to capture the higher cost/acre of planning and implementing IPM techniques on smaller acreages with very diverse cropping systems.


Scenario_Description:
A comprehensive IPM plan with LGU-approved pest prevention, avoidance and monitoring techniques and pest thresholds (where available) is applied in Small Farm/Diversified Systems (e.g. CSA, Organic, etc.) to address all identified resource concerns with either risk prevention (e.g. planned pesticides have no risk to the identified resource concerns) or risk mitigation (e.g. planned pesticides have appropriate mitigation planned from Agronomy Technical Note 5 for “Intermediate”, “High” or “Extra High” WIN-PST Final Hazard Ratings. This scenario attempts to capture the higher cost/acre of planning and implementing IPM techniques on smaller acreages with very diverse cropping systems.


Scenario_Description:
A comprehensive IPM plan based primarily on LGU-approved pest prevention and avoidance techniques is applied to prevent negative impacts on all identified resource concerns. LGU-approved pest monitoring techniques and pest thresholds may also be included, but suppression techniques cannot pose any hazards to identified resource concerns. This type of system is very difficult to achieve, but may be most commonly achieved in Organic Systems that already rely heavily on prevention and avoidance techniques.

After:
After implementing the 595 practice, a comprehensive IPM plan based primarily on Land Grant University approved pest prevention and avoidance techniques is applied to prevent negative impacts on all identified resource concerns. Land Grant University approved pest monitoring techniques and pest thresholds may also be included, but suppression techniques cannot pose any hazards to identified resource concerns.


Scenario_Description:
An earthen embankment with channel constructed across the field slope as part of a system to shorten slope lengths and reduce sheet, rill, and gully erosion in a cropped field. The typical installation is a broad-based terrace having 5:1 upstream and 5:1 downstream slopes measuring 2,500 feet in a field with slopes from 2% to 8% constructed in loam soils or similar in regards to workability. Channel and berm are farmed. A stable outlet is provided in the form of a Grassed Waterway or Underground Outlet. Costs include all equipment and forces necessary to excavate, shape, and compact terrace. This practice addresses Concentrated Flow Erosion and Excessive Sediment in surface waters.

Before:
Long slope lengths contribute to excessive sedimentation and soil erosion in cropped fields as a result of gully, rill, and sheet erosion. The excessive erosion may lead to deterioration of receiving waters due to excessive sedimentation and nutrient transport.

After:
A system of broad-based terraces measuring 2,500 feet in length, 2.5 height, and 5:1 front and back slopes is installed with spacing designed to intercept flow of water and shorten slope length to reduce erosion to acceptable levels. Work is done with dozer, scraper, or road grader. The installed terrace is typically farmed. Associated practices are Critical Area Planting (342), Grassed Waterway (412), and Underground Outlet (620).


Scenario_Description:
An earthen embankment with channel constructed across the field slope as part of a system to shorten slope lengths, and reduce sheet, rill, and gully erosion in a cropped field. The typical installation is a flat channel (level) terrace storing runoff with a length of 2,500 feet and side slopes of 8:1 or greater in a field with slopes from 2% to 8% constructed in loam soils or similar in regards to workability. Costs include all equipment and forces necessary to excavate, shape, and compact terrace. This practice addresses Concentrated Flow Erosion and Excessive Sediment in surface waters.

After:
A system of flat channel (level) terraces with approximately 8:1 front and back slopes, 2.5 feet height, and 2,500 feet in length is installed with spacing designed to intercept flow of water and shorten slope length to reduce erosion to acceptable levels. Work is done with dozer, scraper, or road grader. The installed terrace is typically farmed. Associated practices are Critical Area Planting (342), Grassed Waterway (412), and Underground Outlet (620).


Scenario_Description:
{Only name change from 5 to 1 & 2 to 1 to Grass Back} An earthen embankment with channel constructed across the field slope as part of a system to shorten slope lengths and reduce sheet, rill, and gully erosion in a cropped field. The typical installation is a system of terraces (2,500 feet in length) that have one relatively flat (5:1) slope and one steep (2:1) slope constructed in a field with slopes from 2% to 8% installed in loam soils or similar soils in regards to workability. The steep slope is established to permanent vegetation with the flatter slope farmed. A stable outlet is provided in the form of a Grassed Waterway or Underground Outlet. Costs include all equipment and forces necessary to excavate, shape, and compact terrace. Seeding is not included. This practice addresses Concentrated Flow Erosion and Excessive Sediment in surface waters.

After:
A system of terraces with one steep (2:1) and one flat (5:1) slope measuring 2,500 feet in length and 2.5' height is installed with spacing designed to intercept flow of water and shorten slope length to reduce erosion to acceptable levels. Work is done with dozer, scraper, or road grader. Associated practices are Critical Area Planting (342), Grassed Waterway (412), and Underground Outlet (620).


Scenario_Description:
An earthen embankment with channel constructed across the field slope as part of a system to shorten slope lengths and reduce sheet, rill, and gully erosion in a cropped field. The typical installation is a system of narrow base terraces with 2:1 slopes, 2,500' length, and 2.5' height in a field with slopes from 3% to 8% constructed in loam soils or similar in regards to workability. A stable outlet is provided in the form of a Grassed Waterway or Underground Outlet. Costs include all equipment and forces necessary to excavate, shape, and compact terrace. Permanent vegetation is established. Seeding is not included. This practice addresses Concentrated Flow Erosion and Excessive Sediment in surface waters.

After:
A system of narrow base terraces with approximately 2:1 front and back slopes measuring 2,500 feet in length and 2.5 feet height is constructed with spacing designed to intercept flow of water and shorten slope length to reduce erosion to acceptable levels. Work is done with dozer, scraper, or road grader. Associated practices are Critical Area Planting (342), Grassed Waterway (412), and Underground Outlet (620).


Scenario_Description:
An earthen embankment with channel constructed across the field slope as part of a system to shorten slope lengths and reduce sheet, rill, and gully erosion in a cropped field. The typical installation is a system of narrow base terraces with 2:1 slopes, 2,500' length, and 2.5' height in a field with slopes exceeding 8% constructed in loam soils or similar in regards to workability. A stable outlet is provided in the form of a Grassed Waterway or Underground Outlet. Costs include all equipment and forces necessary to excavate, shape, and compact terrace. Permanent vegetation is established. Seeding is not included. This practice addresses Concentrated Flow Erosion and Excessive Sediment in surface waters.

After:
A system of narrow base terraces with approximately 2:1 front and back slopes measuring 2,500 feet in length and 2.5' height is constructed with spacing designed to intercept flow of water and shorten slope length to reduce erosion to acceptable levels. Work is done with dozer, scraper, or road grader. Associated practices are Critical Area Planting (342), Grassed Waterway (412), and Underground Outlet (620).


Scenario_Description:
Permanent strips of stiff, dense vegetation established along the general contour of slopes.

Before:
Significant erosion is occurring resulting in substantial transport of sediment across the slope. A large amount of sediment is subsequently delivered to the edge of the field and/or waterways.

After:
Implementation Requirements are prepared and implemented for the site according to the Vegetative Barrier (601) standard. A strip or strips of stiff, dense vegetation is established by seeding along the general contour of the slope that effectively settles a significant amount of sediment above the leading edge of the vegetative barrier. Barrier may also help to connect green areas to provide shelter for wildlife.

Feature_Measure:
Per 1000 Linear feet of practice installed


After:
Implementation Requirements are prepared and implemented for the site according to the Vegetative Barrier (601) standard. A strip or strips of stiff, dense vegetation such as Vetiver Grass is/are established along the general contour of the slope that effectively settles a significant amount of sediment above the leading edge of the vegetative barrier. Barrier may also help to connect green areas to provide shelter for wildlife.

Feature_Measure:
Per 100 foot Linear feet of practice installed


Scenario_Name:
Caribbean and Virgin Island Veg Barriers with Cuttings

Before:
Significant erosion is occurring resulting in substantial sheet and rill erosion. A large amount of sediment is subsequently delivered to the edge of the field and/or waterways, and the soil resource is degraded.

After:
Implementation Requirements for 601 are prepared for the unique site conditions and the practice is implemented. A strip or strips of stiff, dense vegetation such as Vetiver Grass is/are established along the general contour of the slope that effectively settles a significant amount or sediment above the leading edge of the vegetative barrier. Barrier may also help to connect green areas to provide shelter for wildlife.


After:
Implementation Requirements are prepared for the site according to the 601 Vegetative Barrier Standard and is implemented. A strip or strips of stiff, dense vegetation such as Vetiver Grass is/are established along the general contour of the slope that effectively settles a significant amount or sediment above the leading edge of the vegetative barrier. Barrier may also help to connect green areas to provide shelter for wildlife.


Scenario_Name:
Pacific Islands Area - Vegetative Barrier for Small Area

Scenario_Description:
Permanent strips of stiff, dense vegetation established along the general contour of slopes for small areas needing erosion control.

After:
Implementation Requirements are prepared for the site according to the 601 Vegetative Barrier Standard and is implemented. A strip or strips of stiff, dense vegetation of a warm season grass established along the general contour of the slope that effectively settles a significant amount or sediment above the leading edge of the vegetative barrier. Barrier may also help to connect green areas to provide shelter for wildlife.


Scenario_Description:
This scenario describes the implementation of herbaceous barriers to reduce wind velocities and wind-borne particulate matter. In this scenario barriers are composed of cool season annual or perennial vegetation. Plant materials shall be selected for local adaptation and climatic conditions and are resistant to lodging and are non-spreading in their habit. Barriers will be designed as close to perpendicular to prevailing winds as practical. Barrier direction, spacing, and composition needed to achieve the desired purpose shall be designed using the currently approved wind erosion technology.

Before:
Typically cropland has excessive soil disturbance and unsheltered distance that results in excessive wind erosion that affect soil resources. Seedling development and wildlife habitat are negatively affected by wind-borne sediment and sediment-borne contaminants travelling offsite.

After:
Implementation Requirements will be prepared and implemented for the site according to the Herbaceous Wind Barrier (603) standard. Implementation of herbaceous wind barriers will modify the flow and velocity of air dependent upon barrier height, porosity, spacing and wind speed. Orientation is generally placed across an entire field perpendicular to applicable prevailing wind direction. Implementation will reduce soil loss, protect growing plants from damage by wind-blown soil particles, and provide food and cover for wildlife. The scenario includes the design and implementation of annual barriers and required reestablishment.


Scenario_Name:
Caribbean and Virgin Island Herbaceous Barrier

Scenario_Description:
This scenario describes the annual implementation of herbaceous barriers to reduce wind velocities and wind-borne particulate matter. In this scenario barriers are composed of annual living vegetation. Plant materials shall be selected for local adaptation and climatic conditions and are resistant to lodging and are non-spreading in their habit. Barriers will be designed as close to perpendicular to prevailing winds as practical. Barrier direction, spacing, and composition needed to achieve the desired purpose shall be designed using the currently approved wind erosion technology. Establishment is done either by using light tillage or chemical application and no till drill.

Before:
Typically cropland has excessive soil disturbance and un-sheltered distance that results in excessive wind erosion that affect soil resources. Seedling development and wildlife habitat are negatively affected by wind-borne sediment and sediment-borne contaminants travelling offsite.

After:
Implementation Requirements will be prepared for the site according to the 603 Herbaceous Wind Barrier Standard and implemented. Implementation of herbaceous wind barriers will modify the flow and velocity of air dependent upon barrier height, porosity, spacing and wind speed. Orientation is generally placed across an entire field perpendicular to applicable prevailing wind direction. Implementation will reduce soil loss; protect growing plants from damage by wind blown soil particles, provide food and cover for wildlife. Payment is for the design and implementation of annual barriers and required reestablishment.


Scenario_Name:
Pacific Island Area Herbaceous Wind Barriers

Scenario_Description:
This is for the Pacific Island Area. This scenario describes implementation of warm or cool season perennial herbaceous barriers to reduce wind velocities and wind-borne particulate matter. In this scenario barriers are composed of annual living vegetation. Plant materials shall be selected for local adaptation and climatic conditions and are resistant to lodging and are non-spreading in their habit. Barriers will be designed as close to perpendicular to prevailing winds as practical. Barrier direction, spacing, and composition needed to achieve the desired purpose shall be designed using the currently approved wind erosion technology. Establishment is done either by using light tillage or chemical application and no till drill.

After:
Implementation Requirements will be prepared for the site according to the 603 Herbaceous Wind Barrier Standard and implemented. Implementation of perennial herbaceous wind barriers will modify the flow and velocity of air dependent upon barrier height, porosity, spacing and wind speed. Orientation is generally placed across an entire field perpendicular to applicable prevailing wind direction. Implementation will reduce soil loss; protect growing plants from damage by wind blown soil particles, provide food and cover for wildlife. Payment is for the establishment of perennial barriers and required reestablishment.


Scenario_Description:
Water discharging from a subsurface drainage system is dispersed along a buffer strip (often a riparian buffer). The water flows underground through the buffer area where nutrients and sediment can be removed before the water reaches the stream. Resource Concerns: Water Quality Degradation (Nutrients) Associated Practices: 606 - Subsurface Drain; 554 - Drainage Water Management; 587 - Structure for Water Control

Before:
Water from a subsurface drainage system flows directly into a stream, carrying sediment and nutrients.

After:
Water from a subsurface drainage system is dispersed through at 400 feet of 5" HDPE single wall perforated pipe tile drain along an established vegetated buffer strip at least 30 feet from the receiving stream. Drainage pipe is trenched in at 4 feet depth. The water is detained by passing underground where the nitrogen is removed by bacteria and natural processes.


Scenario_Name:
Corrugated Plastic Pipe (CPP), Single-Wall, <= 6 inch

Scenario_Description:
Description: Below ground installation of perforated HDPE (Corrugated Plastic Pipe) pipeline, using a drainage plow. HDPE (CPP) Single-Wall is manufactured in sizes (nominal diameter) from 3-inch to 24-inch; typical practice sizes range from 3-inch to 12-inch; and typical scenario size is 5-inch. Construct 2,000 feet of 5-inch, Single-Wall, perforated HDPE Corrugated Plastic Pipe (CPP), installed below ground to a minimum depth 5 feet. The unit is in feet of pipe. The typical number of mainline connections for 2,000 feet of subsurface drain line is a total of 3 each. Resource Concerns: Excess Water (Seasonal High Water Table); Degraded Plant Condition; Water Quality Degradation (Nutrients). Associated Practices: 608 - Surface Drain, Main or Lateral; 587 - Structure for Water Control, 533 - Pumping Plant; and 554 - Drainage Water Management.

Before:
Before installation soil conditions are excessively wet in the spring due to poor internal soil drainage. Excess soil water is causing crop stress and delay of field operations (seed bed preparation, planting, etc.).

After:
The drainage modifications result in reduced plant stress due to excessive wetness caused by a seasonal high water table, or improved drainage water quality due to system retrofit enabling drainage water management.


Scenario_Name:
Enveloped Corrugated Plastic Pipe (CPP), Single-Wall, <= 6 inch

Scenario_Description:
Description: Below ground installation of perforated HDPE (Corrugated Plastic Pipe) pipeline with Sand-Gravel envelope, using a drainage trencher. HDPE (CPP) Single-Wall is manufactured in sizes (nominal diameter) from 3-inch to 24-inch; typical practice sizes range from 3-inch to 12-inch; and typical scenario size is 5-inch. Construct 2,000 feet of 5-inch, Single-Wall, perforated HDPE Corrugated Plastic Pipe (CPP), installed below ground to a minimum depth of 5 feet, and surrounded with a sand-gravel envelope. The unit is in feet of pipe. The typical volume sand-gravel for 2,000 feet of 12"wide x 12" high envelope is 64 cubic yards. The typical number of mainline connections for 2,000 feet of subsurface drain line is a total of 3 each. Resource Concerns: Excess Water (seasonal High Water Table); Degraded Plant Condition; Water Quality Degradation (Nutrients). Associated Practices: 608 - Surface Drain, Main or Lateral; 587 - Structure for Water Control, 533 - Pumping Plant; and 554 - Drainage Water Management.


Scenario_Name:
Corrugated Plastic Pipe (CPP), Single-Wall, >= 8 inch

Scenario_Description:
Description: Below ground installation of HDPE (Corrugated Plastic Pipe) pipeline, using a drainage plow. HDPE (CPP) Single-Wall is manufactured in sizes (nominal diameter) from 3-inch to 24-inch; typical practice sizes range from 3-inch to 12-inch; and typical scenario size is 10-inch. Construct 1,000 feet of 10-inch, Single-Wall, HDPE Corrugated Plastic Pipe (CPP), installed below ground to a minimum depth 5 feet. The unit is in feet of pipe. Resource Concerns: Excess Water (Seasonal High Water Table); Degraded Plant Condition; Water Quality Degradation (Nutrients). Associated Practices: 607 - Surface Drain, Field Ditch; 608 - Surface Drain, Main or Lateral; 587 - Structure for Water Control, 533 - Pumping Plant; and 554 - Drainage Water Management.


Scenario_Name:
Corrugated Plastic Pipe (CPP), Twin-Wall, >= 8 inch

Scenario_Description:
Description: Below ground installation of HDPE (Corrugated Plastic Pipe) pipeline, using a drainage plow. HDPE (CPP) Twin-Wall is manufactured in sizes (nominal diameter) from 4-inch to 60-inch; typical practice sizes range from 8-inch to 15-inch; and typical scenario size is 12-inch. Construct 1,000 feet of 12-inch, Twin-Wall, HDPE Corrugated Plastic Pipe (CPP), installed below ground to a minimum depth 5 feet. The unit is in weight of pipe material in pounds. 1,000 feet of 12-inch, Twin-Wall, HDPE CPP weighs 3.20 lb/ft, or a total of 3,200 pounds. Resource Concerns: Excess Water (Seasonal High Water Table); Degraded Plant Condition; Water Quality Degradation (Nutrients). Associated Practices: 607 - Surface Drain, Field Ditch; 608 - Surface Drain, Main or Lateral; 587 - Structure for Water Control, 533 - Pumping Plant; and 554 - Drainage Water Management.


Scenario_Description:
An agricultural field has existing patterned tile system installed at 75 foot spacing. The field is 75 acres in size: 2475' x 1320', with a single main line at the low end of the field (2475'). The laterals are installed perpendicular to the topographic contours. The field has 3.5 feet of fall in the 1/4 mile length of the laterals, so a secondary main will be needed to allow drainage water management to be implemented on the higher half of the field.

Before:
The patterned tile drainage system allows free flow of drainage water to a receiving ditch. Drainage water carries nitrogen and phosphorus out of the soil and these nutrients pollute the receiving waters.

After:
A 12 inch diameter secondary mainline is retrofitted to the drainage system, located halfway up the field and relatively parallel to the topographic contours. This new mainline is hooked to each individual lateral and continued to a stable outlet. A Drainage Water practice must be completed along with the mainline; typically Structures for Water Control (587) installed at two foot vertical intervals so that water can be retained in the field. This scenario also applies to systems where the secondary main is used to connect drain lines that formerly each exited separately to the ditch, with a structure that distributes the drainage water into the subsurface soil at a vegetated buffer (772) OR a Denitrifying Bioreactor (747) might be installed at the outlet. In combination or singly, one of these practices must be installed with the secondary main.


Scenario_Description:
Description: Below ground installation of an interceptor drain constructed from perforated HDPE (Corrugated Plastic Pipe) pipeline within graded gravel envelope, using a hydraulic excavator. HDPE (CPP) Single-Wall is manufactured in sizes (nominal diameter) from 3-inch to 24-inch; typical practice sizes range from 3-inch to 12-inch; and typical scenario size is 8-inch. Construct 2,000 feet of 8-inch, Single-Wall, perforated HDPE Corrugated Plastic Pipe (CPP), installed below ground to a minimum depth of 6 feet, and surrounded with a graded gravel filter envelope. The unit is in length of drain installed. 2,000 feet of 8-inch, Single-Wall, perforated HDPE CPP weighs 1.23 lb./ft., or a total of 2,460 pounds. The typical volume sand-gravel for 2,000 feet of 24"wide x 24" high envelope is 296 cubic yards. The interceptor drain outlets to an open ditch. One section (20ft) of CMP or heavy duty PVC is used as a sleeve to protect the outlet end of the drain, and an animal guard is installed. Resource Concerns: Excess Water (seasonal High Water Table); Degraded Plant Condition; Water Quality Degradation (Nutrients and salts); Soil Quality (salinity). Associated Practices: 587 - Structure for Water Control, 533 - Pumping Plant; and 554 - Drainage Water Management.

Before:
Before installation soil conditions are excessively wet and saline due to shallow seepage from adjacent canals, irrigation return flows or a natural spring. Excess soil water is causing increased soil salinity, crop stress or loss, and delay of field operations or access for other uses.

After:
The drainage modifications result in reduced accumulation of salts, reduced plant stress, and more timely access.


Scenario_Description:
This scenario is the construction of a surface drain, field ditch. Typical construction dimensions are 4' bottom x 2.5' deep x 1320' length with a side slope of 3:1. Excess water is either reused in an Irrigation System, Tailwater Recovery (447) system, or conveyed to a receiving water body. Resource concerns: Excess/Insufficient Water - Inefficient Use of Irrigation Water and Water Quality Degradation - Excessive Sediment in Surface Waters. Associated Conservation Practices: 608-Surface Drain, Main or Lateral; 587 -Structure For Water Control; 554 - Drainage Water Management

Before:
Excess water has no outlet and backs up into the fields causing damage or loss of the crop.

After:
An earthen ditch that follows the natural slope of the land at the low end of the field will be constructed to carry excess water to an outlet.


Scenario_Description:
This scenario is the construction of a surface drain, main or lateral. Typical construction dimensions are 4' wide bottom x 4' deep x 1320' length with a side slope of 2.5:1. Resource Concerns: Excess/Insufficient Water - Inefficient Use of Irrigation Water and Water Quality Degradation - Excessive Sediment in Surface Waters. Associated Conservation Practices: 607-Surface Drain, Field Ditch; 587 -Structure For Water Control; 554 Drainage Water Management

After:
An earthen ditch that follows the natural slope of the land at the low end of the field is constructed to carry excess water to an outlet so that water no longer backs up into the field so that field production is improved.


Practice:
610 - Salinity and Sodic Soil Management

Scenario_Description:
The producer secures training in Salinity and Sodic Soil Management, analyzes subsurface conditions in areas in and around a saline seep and using information gained from training and field observations carries out a Salinity and Sodic Soil Management Plan employing as applicable changes in Conservation Cropping Systems, Critical Area Planting, Nutrient Management and use of soil amendments. Scenario includes cost of attending a 6 hr University, NRCS, or commodity group sponsored training session and 40 hours of mgmt. labor a year to analyze available data and field situation, then review, and modify as necessary the Salinity and Sodic Soil Management Plan and continue to carry it out. Resource Concerns: Soil Quality Degradation - Concentration of salts or other chemicals, and Water Quality Degradation- Excessive salts in surface and ground waters. Associated Practices: 328 -Conservation Cropping System; 342- Critical Area Planting; and 590 - Nutrient Management.

Before:
A crop-fallow system on sodic and saline soils has resulted in saline seeps. The recharge area of the seep must be determined before the extents of the treatment can be planned. An analyses of the subsurface conditions in areas in and around a saline is completed on 95 acres of recharge area surrounding a 5 acre saline seep in order to determine groundwater gradients and limits of the recharge area.

After:
A determination of extent of recharge area has been made. The area to be treated has been identified. The producer has developed and is carrying out a Salinity and Sodic Soil Management Plan. Deep percolation in the recharge area is eliminated and salts no longer leach into the ground or surface water.

Feature_Measure:
Acres included in Salinity and Sodic Soil Management Plan


Scenario_Description:
The producer secures training in Salinity and Sodic Soil Management and develops and carries out a Salinity and Sodic Soil Management Plan. Scenario includes cost of attending a 6 hr University, NRCS, or commodity group sponsored training session and 12 hours of mgmt. labor a year to analyze available data and field situation, develop (or review and modify as necessary) plan and carry it out. Resource Concerns: Soil Quality Degradation - Concentration of salts or other chemicals, Water Quality Degradation- Excessive salts in surface and ground waters, and plant productivity. Associated Practices: 328-Conservation Crop Rotation; 449-Irrigation Water Management; and 590-Nutrient Management.

Before:
Salinity and or Sodic conditions have developed in the root zone of a 100 acre irrigated cropland field resulting in decreased soil quality, plant health problems, and yield reductions.

After:
Producer conducts soil and irrigation water analysis to determine the irrigation leaching requirement needed based on crop consumptive use and salinity levels of the irrigation water to flush accumulated salts and maintain a proper salt balance. Routine periodic checks of water EC will be conducted by producer to monitor for water salinity which might require changes to Salinity and Sodic Soil Management Plan. The Salinity and Sodic Soil Management Plan is carried out employing soil and water testing and as applicable changes in Irrigation Water Management (449), Conservation Crop Rotation (328), tillage, and use of soil and or water amendments. The producer has developed and is carrying out a Salinity and Sodic Soil Management Plan resulting in improved soil quality and plant health.


Scenario_Description:
The producer secures training in Salinity and Sodic Soil Management and develops and carries out a Salinity and Sodic Soil Management Plan that involves the application of gypsum to address a sodicity soil problem. Scenario includes cost of attending a 6 hr University, NRCS, or commodity group sponsored training session and 12 hours of mgmt. labor a year to analyze available data and field situation, develop (or review and modify as necessary) plan and carry it out. Resource Concerns: Soil Quality Degradation - Concentration of salts or other chemicals, Water Quality Degradation- Excessive salts in surface and ground waters, and plant productivity. Associated Practices: 328-Conservation Crop Rotation; 449-Irrigation Water Management; and 590-Nutrient Management.

Before:
Preliminary field assessment has indicated a Sodic soil condition has developed in the root zone of a 100 acre irrigated cropland field and that a gypsum application will be needed to increase soil quality, reduce plant health problems, and eliminate yield impacts.

After:
Producer conducts soil and irrigation water analysis to determine the amount of gypsum to apply and irrigation leaching requirement needed based on crop consumptive use and sodium (SAR or ESP) concentrations of the soil. Producer conducts routine soil and water analysis to determine any required changes to Salinity and Sodic Soil Management Plan. The Salinity and Sodic Soil Management Plan is carried out employing soil and water testing and as applicable changes in Irrigation Water Management (449), Conservation Crop Rotation (328), tillage, and use of soil and or water amendments. The producer has developed and is carrying out a Salinity and Sodic Soil Management Plan resulting in improved soil quality and plant health.


Scenario_Description:
This scenario is for small irrigated farms typically 10 acres or less in size. The producer secures training in Salinity and Sodic Soil Management and develops and carries out a Salinity and Sodic Soil Management Plan. Scenario includes cost of attending a 6 hr University, NRCS, or commodity group sponsored training session and 12 hours of mgmt. labor a year to analyze available data and field situation, develop (or review and modify as necessary) plan and carry it out. Resource Concerns: Soil Quality Degradation - Concentration of salts or other chemicals, Water Quality Degradation- Excessive salts in surface and ground waters, and plant productivity. Associated Practices: 328-Conservation Crop Rotation; 449-Irrigation Water Management; and 590-Nutrient Management.

Before:
Salinity and or Sodic conditions have developed in the root zone of a Small Farm (10 acre) with irrigated cropland resulting in decreased soil quality, plant health problems, and yield reductions.


Scenario_Description:
Larger sized seedlings will be hand planted in the forested area where few or no forest trees or shrubs are growing, the existing stand of trees or shrubs needs underplanting, or the previously planted seedling tree or shrub stocking level is below desirable conditions. Wildlife habitat is degraded by loss of forest conditions. This resource concern addressed is degraded plant condition -- and inadequate structure and composition, and inadequate wildlife & fish habitat.

Before:
The stocking level of the forest does not meet the minimum recommended number of trees per acre. The existing condition of the forest stand does not meet the landowners objectives. To be a viable forest additional seedlings need planting. Wildlife habitat is rated poor.

After:
The prescribed number of trees are hand planted on 20 acres, and the objectives of the landowner are met. The forest will provide wildlife habitat, provide a long term ground cover, and capture atmospheric carbon.


Scenario_Description:
Medium sized seedlings will be hand planted in the forested area where few or no forest trees or shrubs are growing, the existing stand of trees or shrubs needs underplanting, or the previously planted seedling tree or shrub stocking level is below desirable conditions. Wildlife habitat is degraded by loss of forest conditions. This resource concern addressed is degraded plant condition -- and inadequate structure and composition, and inadequate wildlife & fish habitat.


Scenario_Description:
Small seedlings will be hand planted in the forested area where few or no forest trees or shrubs are growing, the existing stand of trees or shrubs needs underplanting, or the previously planted seedling tree or shrub stocking level is below desirable conditions. Wildlife habitat is degraded by loss of forest conditions. This resource concern addressed is degraded plant condition -- and inadequate structure and composition, and inadequate wildlife & fish habitat.


Scenario_Name:
Individual tree - hand planting w/browse protection

Scenario_Description:
Tree seedlings will be hand planted in the forested area where few or no forest trees growing, the existing stand of trees needs underplanting, or the previously planted seedling tree stocking level is below desirable conditions. Seedlings are protected from wildlife browsing. Wildlife habitat is degraded by loss of forest conditions. This resource concern addressed is degraded plant condition -- and inadequate structure and composition, and inadequate wildlife & fish habitat.

Before:
The stocking level does not meet the minimum recommended number of trees per acre and does not meet the landowners objectives. To be a viable forest additional seedlings need planting. Wildlife habitat is rated poor. Wildlife are known to browse tree seedlings in the area causing great damage.

After:
The prescribed number of trees are hand planted on 20 acres and the objectives of the landowner are met. Seedlings are protected from wildlife browsing by installing some type of protection devise. A forest will provide wildlife habitat, provide a long term ground and capture atmospheric carbon.


Scenario_Name:
Medium Density-hand plant Conifer, protect from wildlife

Scenario_Description:
This practice involves planting of tree seedlings after the site has been prepared for seedling growth and establishment. The productivity of the site is good and will handle a medium density planting rate. Newly planted conifer seedlings are protected from browsing by installing open tree tubes. Resource concerns addressed are degraded plant condition -- undesirable plant productivity and health, and inadequate structure and composition and degraded wildlife habitat. Terrain is moderately to steeply sloping, too steep to be planted with a mechanical tree planter so the area is hand planted.

Before:
The land has a little/no tree cover, or is stocked with the wrong tree species. Competing vegetation is a before and after planting concern. Soil condition is degraded due to the lose of the native forest ecosystem (organic matter in top soil depleted). The main resource concern is degraded plant condition and inadequate structure and composition

After:
40 acres of land is established with permanent tree cover that will improve degraded plant condition, reduce soil erosion, establish wildlife habitat, sequester carbon and reduce invasive species presence. Establishing forest vegetation also creates corridors for wildlife movement. Half of planted trees have vexar tubes, or similar, installed to protect from animal damage.


Scenario_Description:
This practice involves planting of tree seedlings after the site has been prepared for seedling growth and establishment. The productivity of the site is good and will handle a medium density planting rate. Resource concerns addressed are degraded plant condition -- undesirable plant productivity and health, and inadequate structure and composition and degraded wildlife habitat. Terrain is moderately to steeply sloping, too steep to be planted with a mechanical tree planter so the area is hand planted.

Before:
The land has a little/no tree cover, or is stocked with the wrong tree species. Competing vegetation is a before and after planting concern. Soil condition is degraded due to the lose of the native forest ecosystem (organic matter in top soil depleted). The main resource concerns are degraded plant condition and inadequate structure and composition

After:
40 acres of land is established with permanent tree cover that will improve degraded plant condition, reduce soil erosion, establish wildlife habitat, sequester carbon and reduce invasive species presence. Establishing forest vegetation also creates corridors for wildlife movement.


Scenario_Description:
This practice involves planting of tree seedlings after the site has been prepared for seedling growth and establishment. The productivity of the site is good and will handle a medium density planting rate. The resource concerns addressed is degraded plant condition -- undesirable plant productivity and health, and inadequate structure and composition and degraded wildlife habitat. Terrain is moderately sloping and will be planted with a mechanical tree planter. Smaller size seedlings (1-0) are planted.

Before:
The land has a little or no tree cover, or is stocked with the wrong tree species. Competing vegetation is a before and after planting concern. Soil condition is degraded due to the lose of the native forest ecosystem (organic matter in top soil depleted). Native wildlife habitat is lacking. The main resource concern is degraded plant condition and inadequate structure and composition


Scenario_Description:
This practice applies to forestlands that are being actively managed. Tree seedlings are planted after the site has been prepared for seedling establishment and growth. Forest site productivity is high or very high and dense planting is planned. Larger containerized seedlings are planted. Resource concerns addressed are degraded plant condition -- undesirable plant productivity and health, and inadequate structure and composition and degraded wildlife habitat. Terrain conditions allow for mechanical tree planting

Before:
The land lacks forest cover and needs replanting, is stocked with the wrong tree species, or is a nonstocked field. Seedlings selected are appropriate for the site and site conditions. The main resource concerns are degraded plant condition and inadequate structure and composition. Competing vegetation is a before and after planting concern. Soil condition is degraded due to the loss organic matter in top soil. Tree seedlings with larger size root systems are planted to compete with other vegetation.

After:
50 acres of land is established with permanent tree cover that will improve degraded plant condition, establish wildlife habitat, sequester atmospheric carbon. Establishing forest vegetation also creates corridors for wildlife movement. Actions should be planned with competing vegetation concerns.


Scenario_Description:
Improving the hardwood forest setting by hand planting hardwood tree seedlings. Seedlings are protected from deer browsing. The number of trees to plant is lower than establishing a new forest. Resource concerns are degraded plant condition - undesirable productivity and health, and Inadequate structure and composition; inadequate habitat for fish and wildlife - habitat degradation.

Before:
In an existing upland forest the present trees are poor quality, at low stocking levels, or are undesirable species. Existing conditions do not meet landowner objectives of growing high quality trees. Wildlife habitat is poor due to the above described conditions. Resource concerns are degrade plant condition - undesirable productivity and health, and Inadequate structure and composition; inadequate habitat for fish and wildlife - habitat degradation. Prior to planting any needed vegetation control will be conducted first.

After:
The area of treatment is 10 acres. Bare root hardwood seedlings are planted by hand in the best locations for seedling survival. Solid tree tubes are installed to protect seedlings from animal browsing damage. Post planting vegetation control is planned to ensure seedling survival.


Scenario_Description:
Hardwood seedlings (potted) to be planted to reestablish an upland hardwood forest. Planting will be by hand. The resource setting is an area that historically was an upland hardwood forest. Resource concerns are degrade plant condition - undesirable productivity and health, and Inadequate structure and composition; inadequate habitat for fish and wildlife.

Before:
The native forest that has been removed and the land is either row cropped, grazed or hayed or brushy forest. If any upland trees exist they are poor quality tree or undesirable species. Terrain is gently to moderately sloping with soil erosion-sheet and rill occurring.

After:
The area of treatment is 10 acres. Potted/containerized hardwood seedlings are planted by hand. Post vegetation control should be evaluated and conducted it necessary.


Scenario_Description:
Native seed (acorns, nuts, etc.) from native tree species are directly planted in the soil. Site preparation is completed (disking to eliminate competing vegetation). The native seed are collected/purchased locally so as to get trees known to be adapted to local conditions. Resource concerns are degraded plant condition, inadequate habitat for fish and wildlife.

Before:
The hardwood forest is degrading. High value species, lumber and wildlife habitat, are not regenerating due to changes in the natural disturbance regime or past harvesting. Unwanted shade tolerant tree species have regenerated and are in the overstory competing with desirable species as well as in the mid and understory where they will eventually out-compete with desirable species.

After:
Seed from native species are collected or purchased and planted at prescribed rates. Site preparation is done prior to direct seeding. Degraded plant condition is on an upward trend and habitat for wildlife will improve.


Scenario_Description:
Shrubs are planted to provide a more diverse habitat. Plantings are in either uplands or bottomlands. The site lacks ground level habitat structure and diversity for wildlife. Resource concern is inadequate habitat for fish and wildlife - habitat fragmentation.

Before:
No shrubbery vegetation, or very little, is present under the forest overstory. Wildlife species that need shrub cover are not present. An adequate stand of overstory trees is present, but it is a single level, not multi-level.

After:
A 10 acre area is planted with shrubs. Shrubs are not planted over the entire 10 acres. They are planted in groups or Motts. The Motts, more or less circular in shape, are 50 feet in diameter, with 50 shrubs planted within each Mott. 4 Motts are planted per acre for a total of 200 shrubs per acre. Motts are randomly established to take advantage of site conditions and shrub species being planted.


Scenario_Description:
A permanent watering facility for livestock or wildlife constructed of approved materials with less than 500 gallons of capacity, to provide adequate quantity and quality of water for storage and or direct drinking access.

Before:
This practice applies to all land uses where there is a need for new or improved watering facilities for livestock and or wildlife, where water is not available in sufficient quantities at specific locations, and habitat, water quality, plant productivity and health needs to be improved. Associated practices include: 516-Pipeline, 642-Water Well

After:
A permanent watering facility is installed to ensure an adequate supply and quality of water for livestock or wildlife for storage and or direct drinking access. All watering facilities are constructed from approved durable materials that have a life expectancy that meets or exceeds the planned useful life of the installation and placed on a properly prepared foundation with required plumbing.


Scenario_Name:
Permanent Drinking/Storage > 500-1000 Gallons

Scenario_Description:
A permanent watering facility for livestock or wildlife constructed of approved materials with 500-1000 gallons of capacity, to provide adequate quantity and quality of water for storage and or direct drinking access.


Scenario_Description:
A permanent watering facility for livestock or wildlife constructed of approved materials with >1000-5000 gallons of capacity, to provide adequate quantity and quality of water for storage and or direct drinking access.


Scenario_Description:
A permanent watering facility for livestock or wildlife constructed of approved materials with >5000 gallons of capacity, to provide adequate quantity and quality of water for storage and or direct drinking access.


Scenario_Description:
A frost/freeze free waterer for livestock constructed of approved materials that supplies adequate quantity and quality of water for direct drinking access. All watering facilities will be constructed from approved durable materials that have a life expectancy that meets or exceeds the planned useful life of the installation.

Before:
Confined animal facilities are adjacent or near surface or at risk ground water sources, resulting in water quality resource concerns.

After:
Facilities are moved and adequate livestock water sources are provided protecting the surface and or ground water quality resources of concern.


Scenario_Name:
Permanent Drinking/Storage >1000-5000 Gallons - remote locations

Scenario_Description:
A permanent watering facility for livestock or wildlife constructed of approved materials with >1000-5000 gallons of capacity, to provide adequate quantity and quality of water for storage and or direct drinking access in remote areas that are more than 50 miles from source of equipment and/or materials.


Scenario_Name:
Export Ag Waste By-products Recycled for Use Off Farm

Scenario_Description:
Agricultural by-products on the farm are in excess of the ability of the farm and limited crop land base to utilize. These waste materials are accumulating in such a manner that the water, soil and/or air quality have resource concerns. The application of a waste management plan will recycle these by-products such that the quality of the natural resources will be improved and the environment protected. The agricultural by-products are tested and exported off the farm operation for external uses. Records are kept detailing disposition of the waste, including date, amount, and receiver of the waste. Results of the agricultural by-product laboratory analysis is also provided to the receiver. Associated practices: 313-Waste Storage Facility, 317-Composting Facility, 590-Nutrient Management

Before:
Agricultural by-products are produced or accumulated on the farm in amounts that cannot be utilized by the farm without causing resource concerns such as degradation of water quality, soil health and/or air quality.

After:
Twice a year the excess agricultural by-products that have been collected at the farm are sampled and laboratory tested to determine the characteristics of the waste material that is recycled. The results of this analysis will determine the basis of its use. The agricultural by-products are then handled according to the waste management system plan. The intended off-farm use of the recycled agricultural waste by-products will refer to the laboratory analysis. Records shall be kept of the analysis, dates and quantities of recycled waste exported.


Scenario_Name:
Import Non-Ag Waste By-products, Compost with Manure for Use On Farm

Scenario_Description:
A farm has soil quality resource concerns. The farm also has an energy goal to reduce their use of transportation fuels and is interested in utilizing locally available material. The farm is located near a food processor that has excess waste available for recycling. The farm has agreed to receive an amount of waste material which it plans to mix with animal manure solids. This blended waste material will be composted. The finished compost product will be used both for animal bedding and land applied as a soil amendment and nutrient source. The land applied material will comply with the nutrient management plan for agronomic crop nutrient utilization. Records are kept to document the methods and utilization of the non-agricultural products for agricultural purposes. Associated practices: 313-Waste Storage Facility, 317-Composting Facility, 590-Nutrient Management

Before:
A farm has a soil quality resource concerns. The operator also has an energy goal to reduce the farm associated transportation fuels. Additional soil amendments could improve their soil quality but the local fertilizer dealer imports all their material by truck from out of state. Other non-agricultural by-products are locally available but cannot be applied directly on the land. The farm may be able to generate beneficial soil amendments by composting the non-agricultural by-products but does not know the best recipe to use for a compost mix, the time and temperatures required to break down the material or recommended rate of land application .

After:
A dairy farm has soil quality resource concerns and plans to improve their soil by utilizing non-agricultural waste materials available locally. The dairy is located near an oyster producer that needs to dispose of excess oyster shells. The calcium in oyster shells can be used to buffer the pH of their soils. The dairy has agreed to receive excess oyster shells which are blended with dairy manure solids and composted. The finished product is laboratory tested to determine the characteristics such as pH and nutrient content. The composted product is used both for dairy bedding and land applied as a soil amendment and nutrient source. Recordkeeping is done for the quantity of non-agricultural material received, ratio blended with manure solids, composting temperatures and times with the corresponding tested sample analysis. Records of the recycled non-agricultural by-products applied to the land is maintained as part of their dairy nutrient management plan.


Scenario_Name:
Import Non-Agricultural By-Products, Land Applied

Scenario_Description:
A farm has resource concerns about the low soil organic matter content on several fields. The fields are located where a source of municipal green waste may be available. The green, municipal waste could contain material such as food waste, green yard waste and waste from local processing facilities. The farmer agrees to receive waste materials in bulk two times a year, once in the spring and once in the fall. A blended sample of the waste is tested for nutrients and any potential chemicals of concern. It is then land applied in such a manner that soil organic matter is enhanced, crop nutrients are available and soil compaction is minimized. Records of the tested samples and rates of land application are maintained and accounted for in the nutrient management plan. Associated practices: 590-Nutrient Management, (Temporary Field) Waste Storage

Before:
A farm has several fields with low soil organic matter and is located near a community where the local municipality collects green waste. The farmer is concerned about land applying the green waste directly to the fields and that the applied material may tie-up nutrients as well as possible soil compaction issues from equipment the municipality may use for spreading. The farmer wants to make sure the waste material that may be applied is safe and existing soil quality conditions are protected before agreeing to recycle any imported green waste.

After:
A farm has low soil organic matter content on several fields and can import non-agricultural green waste material. The farm imports the green waste material that has been chopped and screened for land application. The imported material is briefly stock piled, for no more than 7 days while a blended sample is tested. The sample is tested for nutrient content and any potential chemicals of concern. Based on results of the tested sample and in consultation with an agronomist the waste material is land applied on the agricultural fields. Soil is protected from compaction by applying the waste in an appropriate manner. Records of the sample test and rate of land application in the field are maintained. The sampled test information is used to adjust fertilizer application rates and to prevent crop nutrient tie-up resulting from increased carbon in the soil. The green waste recycling activity on the farm is documented and included in the nutrient management plan records.


Scenario_Name:
Wastewater catch basin, less than 1000 gal.

Scenario_Description:
Installation for a wastewater collection system that includes materials and structures to collect liquids of a design volume less than 1000 gallons such as silage leachate, lot runoff and other contaminated liquid effluent. This may include curbs, screens, precast manholes, sumps or catch basins. The wastewater will typically be transferred from the collection basin to a waste storage facility through a gravity or low pressure flow conduit. Associated practices may include: PS 313 Waste Storage Facility; PS 533, Pumping Plant; PS 430, Irrigation Pipeline; PS 632, Waste Separation Facility; PS 468, Lined Waterway or Outlet; PS 590 Nutrient Management; PS 633, Waste Recycling. This scenario addresses the potential for surface water and groundwater quality degradation from liquid wastewater running unchecked out of silage bunkers and off of animal feeding lots.

Before:
Inadequate storage is available to collect wastewater from an operation that may contaminate surface or groundwater resources. The liquids contain few solids or limited solids that can be easily screened out without blocking the collection intake.

After:
This practice scenario is suitable where the estimated design volume for wastewater transfer is less than 1000 gallons of contaminated liquid that may flow from silage bunkers or animal lot areas after a precipitation event. The practice scenario typically includes materials and installation of flat and formed concrete for curbs and/or gutters to collect liquids. With the installation of a precast manhole with lid or catch basin with grate. The cost includes excavation, placement of bedding as needed, placement of structure and backfill with construction of concrete inlet collection area. Transfer pump if needed must be contracted under pumping plant, PS 533.


Scenario_Name:
Wastewater reception pit, 1000 to 5000 gal.

Scenario_Description:
Installation for a wastewater collection system that includes materials and structures to collect liquids of a design volume between 1000 and 5000 gallons such as silage leachate, lot runoff and other contaminated liquid effluent. This scenario includes a reinforced concrete manure reception pit for temporary storage and transfer of manure and wastewater for an animal operation. Reception Pit includes safety fence w/gate or solid/grated cover. The wastewater will typically be transferred from the collection basin to a waste storage facility through a gravity or low pressure flow conduit. Associated practices may include: PS 313 Waste Storage Facility; PS 533, Pumping Plant; PS 430, Irrigation Pipeline; PS 632, Waste Separation Facility; PS 468, Lined Waterway or Outlet; PS 590 Nutrient Management; PS 633, Waste Recycling. This scenario addresses the potential for surface water and groundwater quality degradation from liquid wastewater running unchecked out of silage bunkers and off of animal feeding lots.

Before:
Inadequate storage is available to collect wastewater from an operation that may contaminate surface or groundwater resources.

After:
This practice scenario is suitable where the estimated design volume for waste collection and transfer is between 1000 and 5000 gallons of liquid waste. The practice scenario typically includes materials and installation of flat and formed concrete for curbs and gutters to collect liquid slurry waste and the installation of an 8'x12'x6' reinforced concrete reception pit formed in place that includes safety fence w/gate or solid/grated cover. The cost includes excavation, placement of subgrade as needed, forming, pouring and finishing of concrete structure and backfilling. Transfer pump if needed must be contracted under pumping plant, PS 533.


Scenario_Description:
Installation for a wastewater collection system that includes materials and structures to collect liquids of a design volume greater than 5000 gallons such as lot runoff, manure slurry and other contaminated liquid effluent. The wastewater collected in this pit is intended to be transferred to final storage within a 48 hour period. This scenario includes a reinforced concrete manure reception pit for temporary storage and transfer of manure and wastewater for an animal operation. Reception Pit includes safety fence w/gate or solid/grated cover. The wastewater will typically be transferred from the collection basin to a waste storage facility through a gravity or low pressure flow conduit. Associated practices may include: PS 313 Waste Storage Facility; PS 533, Pumping Plant; PS 430, Irrigation Pipeline; PS 632, Waste Separation Facility; PS 468, Lined Waterway or Outlet; PS 590 Nutrient Management; PS 633, Waste Recycling. This scenario addresses the potential for surface water and groundwater quality degradation from liquid wastewater running unchecked out of silage bunkers and off of animal feeding lots.

After:
This practice scenario is suitable where the estimated maximum design volume for wastewater collected is greater than 5000 gallons of liquid waste within 48 hours or before it is stored or treated. The practice scenario typically includes materials and installation of flat and formed concrete for curbs and gutters inlet area to collect liquid slurry waste and the installation of an 12 ft wide x 16 ft long x 6 ft deep reinforced concrete reception pit formed in place that includes safety fence w/gate or solid/grated cover. The cost includes excavation, placement of subgrade as needed, forming, pouring and finishing of concrete structure and backfilling. Transfer pump if needed must be contracted under pumping plant, PS 533.


Scenario_Name:
Medium sized wastewater reception pit with 6 inch conduit transfer pipe to waste storage pond

Scenario_Description:
Installation for a wastewater collection system that includes materials and structures to collect a design volume between 1000 and 5000 gallons of liquids such as silage leachate, lot runoff and other contaminated liquid effluent which is then transferred through a 6" low pressure conduit to the waste storage structure. This scenario includes a reinforced concrete manure reception pit and a 6" PVC SDR 41 conduit to transfer the manure and wastewater to a waste storage pond. Reception Pit includes safety fence w/gate or solid/grated cover. The transfer conduit consists of the pipe plus the inlet structure connection and all other fittings, trench excavation and backfill, labor and equipment for installation. If pumping is required for the pipe flow velocity that needs to be contracted under PS 533, Pumping Plant Associated practices may include: PS 313 Waste Storage Facility; PS 533, Pumping Plant; PS 430, Irrigation Pipeline; PS 632, Waste Separation Facility; PS 468, Lined Waterway or Outlet; PS 590 Nutrient Management; PS 633, Waste Recycling. This scenario addresses the potential for surface water and groundwater quality degradation from liquid wastewater running unchecked out of silage bunkers and off of animal feeding lots.

Before:
Inadequate storage is available to collect wastewater from an operation that may contaminate surface or groundwater resources. The transfer of waste water to a waste storage facility is required for the CNMP.

After:
This practice scenario is for the estimated design volume for waste collection and transfer of 4300 gallons of liquid waste and can be transferred under gravity or low pressure flow in a 6" PVC pipeline to a waste storage pond. The practice scenario typically includes materials and installation of flat and formed concrete for curbs and gutters at the basin to collect liquid slurry waste and the installation of an 8'x12'x6' reinforced concrete reception pit formed in place that includes safety fence w/gate or solid/grated cover. The transfer pipeline is assumed to be 300 feet long, 6" PVC gasketed SDR 41 pipe with an adapter for the concrete basin, couplers, air-vac vents, all other fittings placed as specified by the design, trench excavation, pipe bedding and backfill. Pipe length for contract is increased by 10% to account for required fittings. The cost includes excavation, placement of subgrade as needed, forming, pouring and finishing of concrete structure and backfilling as well as pipeline installation. Transfer pump if needed must be contracted under pumping plant, PS 533.


Scenario_Name:
Large reception pit, 8 inch pipe to treatment, plus 6 inch pipe to storage.

Scenario_Description:
Installation for a wastewater collection system that includes materials and structures to collect liquids such as lot runoff, manure slurry and other contaminated liquid effluent. The wastewater collected in this 8600 gallon pit is intended to be transferred to final storage within a 48 hour period. The waste is transferred through an 8" conduit to a waste treatment location. After treatment the remaining liquids are transferred to the waste storage pond in a 6" pipeline. This scenario includes a reinforced concrete manure reception pit an 8" conduit to transfer the manure and wastewater to a treatment location and a secondary 6" transfer pipeline. Reception Pit includes safety fence w/gate or solid/grated cover. The 8" transfer conduit and 6" transfer pipeline consists of the pipe plus the inlet structures connections and all other fittings, trench excavation and backfill, labor and equipment for installation. If pumping is required for the pipe flow velocity that needs to be contracted under PS 533, Pumping Plant Associated practices may include: PS 313 Waste Storage Facility; PS 533, Pumping Plant; PS 430, Irrigation Pipeline; PS 632, Waste Separation Facility; PS 468, Lined Waterway or Outlet; PS 590 Nutrient Management; PS 633, Waste Recycling. This scenario addresses the potential for surface water and groundwater quality degradation from liquid wastewater running unchecked out of silage bunkers and off of animal feeding lots.

Before:
Inadequate storage is available to collect wastewater from an operation that may contaminate surface or groundwater resources. The transfer of waste water to a waste storage facility is required for the CNMP. Additional waste treatment is required for the waste stream prior to reaching in the waste storage pond.

After:
This practice scenario is suitable where the estimated design volume for waste collection and transfer is greater than 5000 gallons of liquid waste and can be transferred under gravity or low pressure flow in an 8" conduit to a waste treatment site. Then the remaining liquids will be transferred in a 6" pipeline to a waste storage pond. The practice scenario typically includes materials and installation of flat and formed concrete for curbs and gutters to collect liquid slurry waste and the installation of an 8'x12'x6' reinforced concrete reception pit formed in place that includes safety fence w/gate or solid/grated cover. The first stage transfer pipeline is assumed to be 200 feet long, 8" PVC gasketed SDR 41 pipe with an adapter for the concrete basin, couplers, air-vac vents, all other fittings placed as specified by the design. The second stage transfer pipe is assumed to be 500 feet long 6" PVC gasketed SDR 41 pipe with an adapter for the wastewater treatment system, couplers, air-vac vents, all other fittings placed as specified by the design.. Pipe length for contract is increased by 10% to account for required fittings. The cost includes excavation, placement of subgrade as needed, forming, pouring and finishing of concrete structure and backfilling as well as pipeline installation costs for trench excavation, pipe bedding and backfill. Transfer pump if needed must be contracted under pumping plant, PS 533.


Scenario_Description:
Installation of a concrete channel that consists of a slab with curb and footing on each side of the slab for the entire length of the channel to enable the facility manager to direct liquid waste to an existing collection basin and/or waste storage facility. Water quality concerns will be addressed by preventing liquid waste from entering surface waters, and to facilitate timely land application of manure and wastewater at agronomic rates according to the CNMP. This scenario addresses the potential for surface water and groundwater quality degradation. Associated practices may include: PS 313 Waste Storage Facility; PS 533, Pumping Plant; PS 430, Irrigation Pipeline; PS 632, Waste Separation Facility; PS 468, Lined Waterway or Outlet; PS 590 Nutrient Management; PS 633, Waste Recycling.

Before:
Current facility operations are allowing liquid waste to flow uncontrolled during periods of precipitation events or cleaning operations such that water resources can be contaminated.

After:
Typical installation of a 12 foot wide 100' long concrete channel that consists of a 5" thick concrete slab with curbing on each side of the slab that is 2' high, 6" thick with footing for the entire length. The purpose is to transfer liquids or manure slurry from one area to an existing collection basin or waste storage facility. Includes safety chain for equipment. Alternative configurations can consist of the installation of a more narrow or wider channel that may or may not have curbs or a deeper shaped channel and may include a half pipe on the bottom.


Scenario_Name:
Concrete Channel, push-off wall at pond and safety gate

Scenario_Description:
Installation of a concrete channel that consists of a slab with curb and footing on each side of the slab for the entire length of the channel to enable the facility manager to direct liquid waste to a collection basin and/or waste storage facility at the end of a push-off ramp. A safety gate is installed at the end of the push-off ramp. Water quality concerns will be addressed by preventing liquid waste from entering surface waters, and to facilitate timely land application of manure and wastewater at agronomic rates according to the CNMP. This scenario addresses the potential for surface water and groundwater quality degradation. Associated practices may include: PS 313 Waste Storage Facility; PS 533, Pumping Plant; PS 430, Irrigation Pipeline; PS 632, Waste Separation Facility; PS 468, Lined Waterway or Outlet; PS 590 Nutrient Management; PS 633, Waste Recycling.

After:
Typical installation of a 12 foot wide 100' long concrete channel that consists of a 5" thick concrete slab with curbing on each side of the slab that is 2' high, 6" thick with footing for the entire length. The push-off ramp is a concrete cantilever structure that allows the waste to be moved into the storage facility. The purpose is to transfer liquids or manure slurry from one area to a collection basin or waste storage facility. Includes safety gate for human and animal exclusion. Alternative configurations can consist of the installation of a more narrow or wider channel that may or may not have curbs or a deeper shaped channel and may include a half pipe on the bottom.


Scenario_Name:
Concrete channel, to medium sized wastewater reception pit

Scenario_Description:
Installation of a concrete channel that consists of a slab with curb and footing on each side of the slab for the entire length of the channel to enable the facility manager to direct liquid waste to a 4300 gallon wastewater collection basin and/or waste storage facility. Water quality concerns will be addressed by preventing liquid waste from entering surface waters, and to facilitate timely land application of manure and wastewater at agronomic rates according to the CNMP. This scenario addresses the potential for surface water and groundwater quality degradation. Associated practices may include: PS 313 Waste Storage Facility; PS 533, Pumping Plant; PS 430, Irrigation Pipeline; PS 632, Waste Separation Facility; PS 468, Lined Waterway or Outlet; PS 590 Nutrient Management; PS 633, Waste Recycling.

After:
Typical installation of a 12 foot wide 100' long concrete channel that consists of a 5" thick concrete slab with curbing on each side of the slab that is 2' high, 6" thick with footing for the entire length. The purpose is to transfer liquids or manure slurry from one area to a 8'x12'x6' collection basin or waste storage facility. Includes safety chain around the basin for equipment. Alternative configurations can consist of the installation of a more narrow or wider channel that may or may not have curbs or a deeper shaped channel and may include a half pipe on the bottom.


Scenario_Name:
Concrete channel, to medium reception pit, 6 inch pipe to storage.

Scenario_Description:
Installation of a concrete channel that consists of a slab with curb and footing on each side of the slab for the entire length of the channel to enable the facility manager to direct liquid waste to a 4300 gallon collection basin and/or waste storage facility. The wastewater is then transferred from the basin to the waste storage pond through a 6" diameter low pressure pipeline. Water quality concerns will be addressed by preventing liquid waste from entering surface waters, and to facilitate timely land application of manure and wastewater at agronomic rates according to the CNMP. This scenario addresses the potential for surface water and groundwater quality degradation. Associated practices may include: PS 313 Waste Storage Facility; PS 533, Pumping Plant; PS 430, Irrigation Pipeline; PS 632, Waste Separation Facility; PS 468, Lined Waterway or Outlet; PS 590 Nutrient Management; PS 633, Waste Recycling.

Before:
Current facility operations are allowing liquid waste to flow uncontrolled during periods of precipitation events or cleaning operations such that water resources can be contaminated. Waste transfer structures are needed to transfer wastes to a waste storage pond

After:
Typical installation of a 12 foot wide 100' long concrete channel that consists of a 5" thick concrete slab with curbing on each side of the slab that is 2' high, 6" thick with footing for the entire length. The waste transfer scenario is to scrape liquids or manure slurry from the waste production area down the channel to a 8'x12'x6' collection basin. From the basin it is then transferred through a 6" pipe 500 feet to the waste storage pond. The scenario also includes a safety chain around the basin. The transfer pipe is a 6" diameter gasketed PVC SDR 41 low pressure pipeline. Pipe length for contract is increased by 10% to account for required fittings. The cost includes excavation, placement of subgrade as needed, forming, pouring and finishing of concrete structure and backfilling as well as pipeline installation costs for trench excavation, pipe bedding and backfill. Transfer pump if needed must be contracted under pumping plant, PS 533. Alternative configurations can consist of the installation of a more narrow or wider channel that may or may not have curbs or a deeper shaped channel and may include a half pipe on the bottom.


Scenario_Name:
Small Flush System, less than 1000 gallon per flush to reception pit, 8 inch pipe to storage.

Scenario_Description:
Installation of a manure and wastewater collection system that includes materials and structures to flush waste from a concrete surface into a collection basin and transferred to a waste storage pond. This small flush system must have an adequate source for the flush water and will use an 8" diameter pipe. The system may include flush water tank, piping and valves, concrete flush lane, concrete curbs or gutter, precast manholes, sumps or catch basins. The animal waste will be transferred by a flush cycle released from the flush tank to rinse the concrete surface and carry the waste to a collection basin, into a pipe and to a waste storage pond. Associated practices may include: PS 313 Waste Storage Facility; PS 533, Pumping Plant; PS 430, Irrigation Pipeline; PS 632, Waste Separation Facility; PS 468, Lined Waterway or Outlet; PS 590 Nutrient Management; PS 633, Waste Recycling. This scenario addresses the potential for surface water and groundwater quality degradation from animal waste.

Before:
A small animal production facility does not have an efficient method for collecting and transferring the animal waste produced. A source of sufficient water or wastewater resources are available to design a flush system to clean the production floor and collect the waste materials deposited.

After:
This practice scenario is suitable only where the water or wastewater supplies are available for operating a flush system to collect the animal waste deposited on the concrete surfaces. The design flush volume for a small wastewater flush system is less than 1000 gallons and requires no more than 50 feet of an 8 inch diameter pressure pipe for the flush pipe. The scenario includes materials and installation of a flush tank, piping and valves to manage the flush flow, concrete flush lane, concrete curbs or gutters to transfer the flow to a collection basin. The liquids then flow from the basin to the waste storage pond, an estimated length of 200 feet and requires an 8 inch diameter low pressure pipeline with an open outlet to the waste storage pond. The cost includes excavation, placement of bedding aggregate as needed, forming and placement of structures, conveyance pipeline with valves and structural backfill. Pump must be contracted under pumping plant, PS 533.


Scenario_Name:
Wastewater Flush Transfer System, Pipes only, 12 inch diameter

Scenario_Description:
Installation of the pipe for a manure and wastewater flush system that provides the structures to utilize recycled wastewater to flush waste from a concrete surface into a waste storage pond. This may include pipe and valves, concrete flush lane, concrete curbs or gutter. The animal waste will be transferred by recycled flush water through the pipe system to rinse the concrete production surface and carry the waste to a waste storage pond. Associated practices may include: PS 313 Waste Storage Facility; PS 533, Pumping Plant; PS 430, Irrigation Pipeline; PS 632, Waste Separation Facility; PS 468, Lined Waterway or Outlet; PS 590 Nutrient Management; PS 633, Waste Recycling. This scenario addresses the potential for surface water and groundwater quality degradation from animal waste.

Before:
An animal production facility does not have an efficient method for collecting and transferring the animal waste produced. Wastewater however is available in a sufficient quantity to provide a flush cycle to clean the production floor and collect the waste materials deposited.

After:
This practice scenario is suitable where wastewater can be recycled for a flush system. Supplemental piping is needed to install the recycled flush water as a means to collect the animal waste deposited on the concrete production surfaces. The pipe design for the flush volume requires100 feet of 12 inch diameter pipe for pressure flow. The flushed wastes are then piped from an existing collection basin to the waste storage pond an estimated length of 200 feet through a 12 inch diameter low pressure pipe with an open outlet at the pond. The cost includes excavation, placement of bedding as needed, flush and conveyance pipelines with valves and pipe backfill. Pumps must be contracted under pumping plant, PS 533.


Scenario_Name:
Hopper gravity inlet, 24 inch diameter HDPE pipeline, to waste storage facility

Scenario_Description:
Gravity flow conduit is typically a large diameter water tight HDPE sanitary sewer pipe used to transfer manure by gravity from one location to another. The gravity transfer system typically consists of an inlet structure or hopper with an adaptor to a smooth interior large diameter HDPE pipe. The pipe conveys the slurry waste liquid between the waste collection point and a manure storage or waste treatment structure. Adequate head on the pipe flow or change in elevation must be available for the gravity system to function and should be evaluated by the design engineer. This practice includes the inlet structure, transfer pipe plus an and all other fittings, trench excavation and backfill, labor and equipment for installation. This conduit is part of a manure transfer system for a planned waste management or comprehensive nutrient management plan. This scenario addresses the transport of liquid waste to a waste storage or treatment facility to prevent a water quality resource concern of excessive nutrients/organics and harmful levels of pathogens in surface water and/or excessive nutrients/organics in ground water. Associated practices may include: PS 313 Waste Storage Facility; PS 533, Pumping Plant; PS 430, Irrigation Pipeline; PS 632, Waste Separation Facility; PS 468, Lined Waterway or Outlet; PS 590 Nutrient Management; PS 633, Waste Recycling.

Before:
An area of waste production is separated from the waste storage facility and current operations may cause water quality concerns as it is not efficient in transporting the waste to the storage. The site has a change in elevation between production area and treatment or storage structure that is adequate to provide sufficient head for a gravity flow conduit to transport the slurry waste liquid stream.

After:
Install an 80 foot long gravity transfer system of a precast collection hopper with an adaptor to a water tight smooth interior 24"diameter HDPE sanitary sewer grade pipe that will flow to an outlet at the site of manure treatment or storage. This scenario includes the collection hopper, pipe, inlet, outlet, couplers and all other fittings, trench excavation, pipe bedding and backfill. The site should be evaluated by the designing engineer to make sure there is adequate elevation drop before contracting. The transfer conduit will provide collection and containment of the manure slurry, thereby protecting water quality resources.


Scenario_Name:
30 inch HDPE conduit, gravity flow, from an existing inlet structure to site of treatment or storage.

Scenario_Description:
Gravity flow conduit is typically a large diameter water tight HDPE sanitary sewer pipe used to transfer manure by gravity from one location to another. The gravity transfer system typically consists of an existing inlet structure or hopper with attachment to a smooth interior large diameter pipe. The pipe conveys the slurry waste liquid between the waste collection point and a manure storage or waste treatment structure. Adequate head on the pipe flow or change in elevation must be available for the gravity system to function and should be evaluated by the design engineer. This practice includes the pipe attachment to an existing inlet structure and all other fittings, trench excavation and backfill, labor and a equipment for installation. This conduit is part of a manure transfer system for a planned waste management or comprehensive nutrient management plan. This scenario addresses the transport of liquid waste to a waste storage or treatment facility to prevent a water quality resource concern of excessive nutrients/organics and harmful levels of pathogens in surface water and/or excessive nutrients/organics in ground water. Associated practices may include: PS 313 Waste Storage Facility; PS 533, Pumping Plant; PS 430, Irrigation Pipeline; PS 632, Waste Separation Facility; PS 468, Lined Waterway or Outlet; PS 590 Nutrient Management; PS 633, Waste Recycling.

After:
Install a 150 foot long 30" diameter water tight HDPE pipe to transfer manure by gravity from one location to another. A gravity transfer system typically consists of a sealed inlet at an existing waste collection structure to a smooth interior 30" sewer grade pipe that will gravity flow to an outlet at a site of manure treatment or storage. This scenario includes the pipe, inlet, outlet, couplers and all other fittings, trench excavation, pipe bedding and backfill. The site should be evaluated by the designing engineer to make sure there is adequate elevation drop before contracting. If required an inlet structure may be contracted under another scenario. The transfer conduit will provide collection and containment of the manure slurry, thereby protecting water quality resources.


Scenario_Name:
12 inch diameter, Low pressure flow, PVC conduit

Scenario_Description:
Low pressure flow conduit is typically a PVC pipeline used to transfer wastewater or manure slurry by pumping from one production location to a storage or treatment location. Low pressure flow PVC transfer pipelines can be between 3" and 30" diameter and are designed for a pumping pressure of no more than 100 psi. The low pressure transfer system typically consists of an inlet structure or hopper connected to a smooth interior PVC pipe sized to deliver the design flow. This practice includes the pipe plus the inlet structure connection and all other fittings, trench excavation and backfill, labor and a equipment for installation. This conduit is part of a manure transfer system for a planned waste management or comprehensive nutrient management plan. This scenario addresses the transport of liquid waste to a waste storage or treatment to prevent a water quality resource concern of excessive nutrients/organics and harmful levels of pathogens in surface water and/or excessive nutrients/organics in ground water. Associated practices may include: PS 313 Waste Storage Facility; PS 533, Pumping Plant; PS 430, Irrigation Pipeline; PS 632, Waste Separation Facility; PS 468, Lined Waterway or Outlet; PS 590 Nutrient Management; PS 633, Waste Recycling.

Before:
An area of waste production is separated from the waste storage facility and current operations may cause water quality concerns. The site of waste collection or structure has the capacity to install a pumping plant but needs a pipeline to transfer the liquid manure slurry under low pressure from the collection site to the treatment or storage structure.

After:
Install a 300 foot long 12 inch diameter low pressure wastewater pipeline to transfer wastewater or manure slurry from one location to another. The low pressure flow situation refers to pipe flow that has an unrestricted outlet and low pumping head pressure. A pumping plant will send the liquid through a pipe inlet at an existing waste collection basin into a 12 inch diameter pipeline to transfer the design volume to an outlet at the wastewater treatment or storage site. This scenario includes the pipe, inlet connection, outlet, couplers and all other fittings, trench excavation, pipe bedding and backfill. The site should be evaluated by the designing engineer before contracting. If required a pumping plant may be contracted under PS 533, Pumping Plant to support this system. The low pressure transfer conduit will provide collection, transfer and containment of the manure slurry, thereby protecting water quality resources.


Scenario_Name:
10 inch diameter, Low pressure flow PVC pipeline, from waste storage pond to land application site.

Scenario_Description:
Low pressure flow pipeline used to transfer manure wastewater by a low pressure pump from the waste storage pond to the field where it is applied according to the CNMP. The pipeline moves the water from the pond through a buried mainline with low pressure outlets that spread the water on a vegetated treatment area or to a site where the water is applied through an existing field application system. Low pressure flow PVC transfer pipelines can be between 3" and 30" diameter and are designed for a pumping pressure of 100 psi or less. This practice includes the pipe plus an inlet riser structure, clean-out risers and outlet risers plus all other valves and fittings, trench excavation and backfill, labor and a equipment for installation. Appurtenances include: couplings, fittings, air vents, pressure relief valves, thrust blocks, risers, and inline valves, and are included in the cost of pipe material (additional 10% of pipe material quantity). Cost of appurtenances does not include flow meters or backflow preventers. Typical installation applies to soils with no special bedding requirements. This pipeline is part of a manure transfer system for a planned waste management or comprehensive nutrient management plan. This scenario addresses the transport of liquid waste to a waste storage or treatment facility to prevent a water quality resource concern of excessive nutrients/organics and harmful levels of pathogens in surface water and/or excessive nutrients/organics in ground water. Associated practices may include: PS 313 Waste Storage Facility; PS 533, Pumping Plant; PS 430, Irrigation Pipeline; PS 632, Waste Separation Facility; PS 468, Lined Waterway or Outlet; PS 590 Nutrient Management; PS 633, Waste Recycling; PS 635, Vegetated Treatment Area.

Before:
The waste storage structure is separated from the application fields where wastewater nutrients are needed. Soil nutrients in the near fields have high phosphorus levels from over application near the waste storage facility. The current application operation is high in the use of time and energy and may cause water quality concerns as it is not efficient in transporting the waste to the field.

After:
Install a 1000 foot long 10 inch diameter PVC gasketed IPS pipe that has an SDR of 41 and is water tight under low pressure flow to transfer the manure wastewater. An inlet riser and is located near the pump site of the waste storage pond and designed for the desired pumping pressure and flow volume for the application system. This scenario includes the pipe, inlet riser, couplers, air-vac vents, all other fittings, and risers placed as specified by the design, trench excavation, pipe bedding and backfill. The site should be evaluated by the designing engineer to make sure the design will function. The transfer pipeline will deliver the manure slurry to the fields for agronomic nutrient utilization according to the CNMP, thereby protecting water quality resources.


Scenario_Name:
6 inch diameter, Pressure flow PVC pipeline, from waste storage pond to land application site.

Scenario_Description:
Pressure flow pipeline used to transfer manure wastewater by pumping from the waste storage pond to the field where it is to be applied according to the CNMP. Pressure flow transfer pipelines can be between 3" and 12" diameter but 6" diameter is a commonly used pipe size. Pressure pipe will handle an internal pumping pressure between 130 and 200 psi depending on the designed pumping system and must have gasketed joints to seal for the wastewater transfer. The pressure pipe moves the water by pumping from the intake riser location, through a buried mainline with outlet risers spaced at 300 ft intervals for a traveler applicator. This practice includes the pipe plus an inlet riser structure, clean-out risers and outlet risers plus all other valves and fittings, trench excavation and backfill, labor and a equipment for installation. Appurtenances include: couplings, fittings, air vents, pressure relief valves, thrust blocks, risers, and inline valves, and are included in the cost of pipe material (additional 10% of pipe material quantity). Cost of appurtenances does not include flow meters or backflow preventers. Typical installation applies to soils with no special bedding requirements. This pipeline is part of a manure transfer system for a planned waste management or comprehensive nutrient management plan. This scenario addresses the transport of liquid waste to a waste storage or treatment facility to prevent a water quality resource concern of excessive nutrients/organics and harmful levels of pathogens in surface water and/or excessive nutrients/organics in ground water. Associated practices may include: PS 313 Waste Storage Facility; PS 533, Pumping Plant; PS 430, Irrigation Pipeline; PS 632, Waste Separation Facility; PS 468, Lined Waterway or Outlet; PS 590 Nutrient Management; PS 633, Waste Recycling; PS 635, Vegetated Treatment Area.

After:
Install a 1000 foot long 6 inch diameter PVC gasketed IPS pipe that has an SDR of 21 and is water tight under pressure flow to transfer the manure wastewater. An inlet riser and is located near the pump site of the waste storage pond and designed for the desired pressure and flow for the application system. This scenario includes the pipe, inlet riser, couplers, air-vac vents, all other fittings, and risers placed as specified by the design, trench excavation, pipe bedding and backfill. The site should be evaluated by the designing engineer to make sure the design will function. The transfer pipeline will deliver the manure slurry to the fields for agronomic nutrient utilization according to the CNMP, thereby protecting water quality resources.


Scenario_Name:
Agitator, small, mixing contents of a reception pit that is no more than 10 ft. deep.

Scenario_Description:
This scenario is for a manure and wastewater agitator associated with an agricultural production operation to transfer agricultural waste product from the production source to a storage facility for proper utilization. This agitator is typically no more than 15 HP and is used for smaller waste storage facilities that are less than 10 feet deep. This scenario does not include a pump. Associated practices may include: PS 313 Waste Storage Facility; PS 533, Pumping Plant; PS 430, Irrigation Pipeline; PS 632, Waste Separation Facility; PS 468, Lined Waterway or Outlet; PS 590 Nutrient Management; PS 633, Waste Recycling. The waste transfer equipment is installed to address water quality concerns by facilitating timely land application of waste at agronomic rates according to the nutrient management plan. This scenario addresses the potential for surface water and groundwater quality degradation.

Before:
In this typical setting, the operator has a small waste storage structure from a confined animal feeding operation without an effective waste handling and transfer system to manage the waste stream departing from the facility.

After:
The typical installation would be for a small manure 10 HP agitator to put settled manure solids into suspension for removal from an animal waste storage structure and transfer to the next step of waste treatment, utilization or storage. Part of an animal waste management system to address water quality concerns. If required a wastewater reception pit, concrete channel or transfer conduit scenario may need to be contracted to support the operation of this waste transfer system equipment.


Scenario_Name:
Agitator, medium, mixing contents of a reception pit that is 10 ft to 15 ft. deep.

Scenario_Description:
This scenario is for a manure and wastewater agitator associated with an agricultural production operation to transfer agricultural waste product from the storage facility to a site for proper utilization. This agitator is typically 30 HP and is used where the waste storage facility tank or pond is between 10 and 15 feet deep. This scenario does not include a pump. Associated practices may include: PS 313 Waste Storage Facility; PS 533, Pumping Plant; PS 430, Irrigation Pipeline; PS 632, Waste Separation Facility; PS 468, Lined Waterway or Outlet; PS 590 Nutrient Management; PS 633, Waste Recycling. The waste transfer equipment is installed to address water quality concerns by facilitating timely land application of waste at agronomic rates according to the nutrient management plan. This scenario addresses the potential for surface water and groundwater quality degradation.

Before:
In this typical setting, the operator has waste production from a confined animal feeding operation without an effective waste handling and transfer system to manage the waste stream departing from the facility.

After:
A typical installation would be for a medium 30 HP manure agitator to put settled manure solids into suspension for removal from an animal waste storage structure and transfer to the next step of waste treatment, utilization or storage. Part of an animal waste management system to address water quality concerns. If required a wastewater reception pit, concrete channel or transfer conduit scenario may need to be contracted to support the operation of this waste transfer system equipment.


Scenario_Name:
Agitator, large, mixing contents of a reception pit that is over 15 ft. deep.

Scenario_Description:
This scenario is for a large manure and wastewater agitator associated with an agricultural production operation to transfer agricultural waste product from the storage facility to a site for proper utilization. This agitator is typically 100 HP and is used where the waste storage facility tank or pond is greater than15 feet deep. This scenario does not include a pump. Associated practices may include: PS 313 Waste Storage Facility; PS 533, Pumping Plant; PS 430, Irrigation Pipeline; PS 632, Waste Separation Facility; PS 468, Lined Waterway or Outlet; PS 590 Nutrient Management; PS 633, Waste Recycling. The waste transfer equipment is installed to address water quality concerns by facilitating timely land application of waste at agronomic rates according to the nutrient management plan. This scenario addresses the potential for surface water and groundwater quality degradation.

After:
A typical installation would be for a large 100 HP manure agitator to put settled manure solids into suspension for removal from an animal waste storage structure and facilitate the transfer of this material to the next step of waste treatment or utilization. This agitator is for a tank deeper than 15 feet and is part of an animal waste management system to address water quality concerns. This covers the cost of the agitator equipment materials and labor for the electrical hook-up.


